Uruganda rwa Koi Feed Pellet Mill rwo mu Buyapani: Ubwiza bwa Pellet ku buhinzi bwa Nishikigoi | Hongyang

Inganda z'amafi y'imitako mu Buyapani, zishingiye ku isoko ry'amazi rya Nishikigoi (koi carp) rizwi ku isi, ni isoko rikomeye mu rwego rw'ubworozi bw'amafi. Ubuyapani bwohereje mu mahanga toni zigera kuri 560 z'amafi y'imitako mu 2024, aho koi yari ifite agaciro karenga 80% by'agaciro koherezwa mu mahanga nk'uko bigaragazwa n'amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi, Amashyamba n'Uburobyi mu Buyapani. Isoko ry'ibiryo by'amafi ya koi mu gihugu—ribarirwa kuri toni 12.000 kugeza 15.000 buri mwaka—risaba inganda zikora pellet zishobora gukora pellets zigenda mu mazi zifite uburebure bukwiye, amazi ahamye, kandi zifite intungamubiri zihamye mu bunini butandukanye kuva kuri mm 2 kugeza kuri mm 8.

Iyi nyigo isuzuma uburyo uruganda rukora ibiryo bya koi mu Ntara ya Niigata, aho ubworozi bwa Nishikigoi bwavukiye, rwageze ku iterambere rifatika mu bwiza bw'ibiryo bya pellet n'umusaruro mwiza nyuma yo gukoresha uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM ring die pellets mu miyoboro yarwo y'ibiryo by'amafi yo mu mitako. Mu gihe cy'amezi 14, uru ruganda rwabonye igihe cyo gukora 98.3%, ingano ya pellet iri munsi ya mm 0.15, kandi amazi yagumye mu buryo burengeje amasaha 4—ibipimo bishyigikira neza amahame nyayo y'aborozi b'inzobere ba koi bo mu Buyapani n'abakunda ibyo kurya.

Incamake: Inganda z'ibiryo bya Koi mu Buyapani

Inganda za Nishikigoi zo mu Buyapani zikomoka mu Ntara ya Niigata, aho ubworozi bw’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa carp bwatangiye mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 19 mu karere ka Yamakoshi. Muri iki gihe, Ubuyapani bucumbikiye aborozi barenga 1.500 ba koi, biganjemo cyane cyane mu turere twa Niigata, Hiroshima, na Fukuoka. Isoko rya koi ryo mu gihugu rifite agaciro ka miliyari 30 z’amayen buri mwaka, aho ibiciro byazo byagaragaye neza biva kuri yen 500.000 bikagera kuri yen zirenga miliyoni 100 mu cyamunara.

Iri soko rifite agaciro gakomeye risaba ibiryo by’inka ku buryo budasanzwe. Koi zihabwa agaciro kubera ubukana bw’amabara yazo, imiterere yazo isobanutse neza, uruhu rurabagirana, n’imiterere y’umubiri wazo—ibintu byose bigirwaho ingaruka n’imirire. Ifu y’ibiryo bya koi igizwe n’ifunguro ry’amafi riri kuri 35-40% by’umusaruro, ifu y’ingano iri kuri 15-20% nk’isoko ry’ibinyampeke n’ibikomoka ku bimera karemano, ifu ya soya iri kuri 10-15%, umuceri uri kuri 5-10%, spirulina iri kuri 3-5% kugira ngo yongere ibara rishingiye kuri carotenoid, ifu ya krill iri kuri 3-5% nk’isoko karemano ya astaxanthin, hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu ya vitamine irimo na vitamine C ihamye yo gukora neza kw’umubiri.

Ibipimo by’imiterere y’udukoko tw’ibiryo bya koi nabyo biragoye cyane. Udukoko two mu mazi tugomba kugumana imbaraga mu gihe cy’iminota 30 kugira ngo tubone uko turya—ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu bworozi bwa koi aho aborozi basuzuma imyitwarire yo kugaburira nk'ikimenyetso cy’ibanze cy’ubuzima bw’amafi. Ubwinshi bw’udukoko buri hagati ya mm 2 ku mafi y’incuke (amafi y’umwaka umwe) kugeza kuri mm 8 ku mafi manini akuze arenza cm 80 z’uburebure. Muri buri cyiciro cy’ingano, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure ntibugomba kurenza ± 0.2 mm kugira ngo habeho kugaburira kimwe no gukumira ipiganwa rishingiye ku bunini mu byuzi. Amazi ahamye—apimwe uko udukoko two mu mazi tuguma uko ari ntasenyuka—agomba kurenza amasaha 2 kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yo mu byuzi yandura, mu buryo bwo korora amazi mu mazi bufunze bushobora kongera vuba urugero rwa amoniya no guhangayikisha ingano y’ibiryo by’agaciro gakomeye.

Umukiriya: Impuguke mu byo kurya bya Koi ikorera muri Niigata

Umukiriya wacu, uruganda rukora ibiryo by’inka zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri rukorera mu Mujyi wa Nagaoka, mu Ntara ya Niigata, akora toni zigera ku 3.500 z’ibiryo bya koi buri mwaka. Ibicuruzwa byabo bigizwe n’ingano esheshatu z’ibiryo mu byiciro bitatu by’ibicuruzwa—ibisanzwe, iby’igiciro cyinshi, n’ibicuruzwa by’irushanwa—bikorera aborozi ba koi bagera ku 180 hirya no hino mu Buyapani, hamwe n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeje kwiyongera ku masoko yo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba harimo Tayilande, Indoneziya na Maleziya.

Mu mpera za 2024, umukiriya yabonye imbogamizi eshatu mu miyoboro yabo yo gutekeshamo pellet:

Ingufu zo kwambara no guhindagurika kw'ingano y'ibice: Ingufu zabo zisanzwe zometseho zagaragaje kororoka kw'umwobo w'ibice nyuma y'amasaha agera kuri 800 yo gukora. Uko imyobo y'ibice yagendaga yaguka, umurambararo w'ibice bya pellet warenze ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ± 0.2 mm, bibyara ibice binini cyane byabangamiye uburyo bwo kugaburira. Aborozi b'ibice byiza bari batangiye kugarura ibice bifite ubusumbane bw'umurambararo burenze urugero—iterambere ryangiza ubucuruzi ku isoko ryari riyobowe n'izina.

Kudahuza kw'amazi: Kudahuza kw'amazi byagiye bihinduka hagati y'amasaha 1.5 na 3.5 bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'imiterere y'amazi. Amashaza yakozwe mu gihe cy'umusaruro muremure—igihe ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwazamutse hejuru ya 85°C—yagaragaje ko gelatinization y'ifu y'ibishyimbo yazamutse cyane kandi amazi agahagarara neza, mu gihe amashaza yo gutangira akazi yakundaga kugabanuka munsi y'amasaha 2. Uku gutandukana kw'amashaza kuva ku mashaza kugeza ku mashaza byagabanyije icyizere cy'umusaruro w'ibishyimbo.

Gutanga Amande mu Bipfunyika: Kuba ifu y'amafi iri ku kigero cya 35-40% mu biryo bya koi bituma habaho imiterere y'udupira tworoshye gukurura. Kubera ko ibiryo bihari, ingano y'amande nyuma yo gukonjesha yageze kuri 4-5%, yiyongera mu bipfunyika kandi bigatera ibirego ku bijyanye n'uko ibicuruzwa bibona n'agaciro kabyo. Ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani rishishikajwe no kwerekana, imifuka yuzuye ivumbi igaragaza ko ikorwa ryayo ridafite ireme rihagije hatitawe ku ntungamubiri.

Umuti wa Hongyang: HYPM Series Ring Die Pellet Mill

Umukiriya yahisemo uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM rukora ibiryo by'amafi bifite imiterere yihariye yo gukora ibiryo by'amafi. Imiterere yarwo yakemuye buri kibazo cy'imikorere binyuze mu mahitamo yihariye y'ubuhanga:

Imashini zikozwe mu buryo bunonosoye: Imashini zikozwe muri Hongyang zakozwe mu cyuma cya X46Cr13 gifite ubushyuhe buvamo umwuka, zigatuma ubuso bukomera bwa HRC 58-60. Ubukana bw'imbere bw'umwobo w'imashini bwagenzuwe kuri Ra ≤ 0.8 μm binyuze mu buryo bwo gukosora ibice byinshi. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha koi feed, itsinda ry'abahanga rya Hongyang ryagennye imiterere y'umwobo w'imashini ufite igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:10 kuri pellet ya 2-4 mm na 1:12 kuri mm 5-8, bitewe n'ibinure byinshi mu mafi meza—kuva ku ifu y'amafi n'ifu ya krill—bigabanya ubukana bw'ingufu mu muyoboro w'imashini. Igipimo cyo gukanda cyazamuye cyasubije ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta y'amafi, bigatuma ubucucike bw'uturemangingo buhoraho mu bunini bwose.

Guhuza Sisitemu yo Gutunganya: Sisitemu ya HYPM yahujwe n'icyuma gitanga imiterere y'imirongo ibiri gitanga igihe cyo kubika amasegonda 90-120 kuri 85-95°C, bigeza ku gipimo cya gelatinization ya starch cya 45-55%. Ibi byari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba meza. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gutunganya amazi—bwakomeje gukoreshwa kimwe binyuze mu gutera umwuka ugenzurwa na PID—bwatumaga gelatinization ihoraho hatitawe ku gihe cyo gukora, bikuraho igabanuka ry'ubwiza bw'umukiriya mbere. Gelatinization y'ifu y'ingano, igengwa n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n'igihe cyo gutura, byatangiye kurangira mbere y'uko imiterere y'amazi yinjira mu cyumba cyo gutekamo.

Uburyo bwo Gufata Amafi Nyuma yo Gutera Amafi: Itsinda rya tekiniki rya Hongyang ryatanze inama yo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ubwo, igihe cyo kubika amazi mu gihe cy’iminota 12-15 no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’ikirere kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka mu mafi mu gihe kiri hagati ya 3°C n’aho aherereye. Iyi gahunda yo gukonjesha yagabanyije gucika kw’ubushyuhe—aho usanga ari isoko y’amanota mu mafi afite poroteyine nyinshi—birinda gukonjesha vuba ku buso bigatuma habaho kuvunika kw’imbere mu matrix ya mafi.

Ibisubizo: Amakuru y'imikorere y'amezi 14

Nyuma yo gutangira akazi muri Gashyantare 2025 no kumara amezi 14 akora neza, umukiriya yanditse ibipimo bikurikira by'imikorere:

Igihe cyo gukora: Uruganda rwa HYPM ring die pellet rwageze ku kigero cya 98.3% mu gihe cyo gusuzuma. Igihe cyongerewe cy'igihe cyo gukora die—cyatewe n'icyuma cya X46Cr13 alloy steel n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe—cyatumye habaho amasaha 1.400-1.600 hagati y'igihe cyo gusimbuza die, hafi kabiri igihe cyo gusimbuza umukiriya cyabanjirije amasaha 800. Ibi byasobanuye ko toni zigera ku 3.800 z'ibiryo bya koi byakozwe kuri die set, ugereranije na toni 1.700 hamwe n'ibikoresho byazo bya mbere. Kugabanuka kw'inshuro zo guhindura die gusa byakuyeho amasaha agera kuri 48 yo gukora buri mwaka.

Ubuziranenge bw'umurambararo w'ibiceri: Ingero z'imibare zakozwe ku biceri 200 kuri buri gice mu biceri bitandatu byose byagaragaje ko impuzandengo y'umurambararo ya 0.12 mm hamwe n'impinduka isanzwe ya 0.06 mm—bimeze neza mu buryo busanzwe buri muri ± 0.2 mm. Umukiriya yavuze ko nta mpuzandengo yatewe n'ingano y'ibiceri yatewe n'uko ingano y'ibiceri yatinze mu gihe cy'amezi 14, iterambere rigaragara ugereranije n'impinduka 3-4 ku mwaka zabayeho mbere. Buri mpuzandengo yakoreshejwe mu mateka yatwaye toni zigera kuri 15 z'ibiryo byasubiwemo n'ibikoresho bijyana nabyo.

Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi: Isuzuma ryakozwe ku gikoresho cyagenzuwe ku bushyuhe bwa 25°C ryerekanye ko amazi adahungabanywa n'amazi mu gihe cy'amasaha 4.2-4.8 mu bunini bwose bw'ibice by'amazi. Ibi byarenze urugero rw'amasaha 2 ndetse n'urugero rw'amasaha 3 rukunze kuvugwa n'aborozi b'ibice by'amazi meza. Iterambere ryatewe ahanini n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe buhoraho bw'uburyo bwo kuvugurura no gupima neza igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'amazi bitanga gelatinization y'ibice by'amazi mu gice cy'ibice by'amazi.

Kugabanya Amande: Ibipimo by'amande nyuma yo gukonjesha no gupakira mbere y'uko bishyirwa mu bicuruzwa, byapimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupfunyikamo 1.0 mm, byagabanutseho 1.8% ugereranyije na 4.5% ugereranyije na sisitemu ya die yari isanzweho. Ubushakashatsi ku bitekerezo by'abakiriya bwakozwe nyuma y'amezi atandatu bwagaragaje ko ibirego bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibiceri n'ivumbi ryiyongera mu mufuka. Ku isoko aho ishyirwa mu bicuruzwa rigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, iri terambere ryagize akamaro kanini mu bucuruzi.

Ibitekerezo ku mworozi: Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha w’umukiriya yavuze ko eshatu muri konti eshanu z’aborozi ba mbere—harimo n’umworozi w’inzobere mu by’ubukungu uzwi ku rwego rw’igihugu wo muri Isawa, Intara ya Yamanashi—byagaragaje by’umwihariko ko ingano y’ibimera byo mu bwoko bwa pellet yarushijeho kuba myiza ndetse n’igabanuka ry’ibihuru byo mu bidendezi mu gihe cy’ihinga cya 2025. Umworozi umwe yagaragaje ko ingano y’ibimera byo mu bwoko bwa koi 400 (nisai) z’imyaka ibiri yazamutseho 12%, avuga ko iterambere ryatewe n’ingano y’ibimera byo mu bwoko bwa pellet ihoraho kandi ko intungamubiri nyinshi zihuye mu gihe cyo kurya.

Umuhango wa Hongyang mu bijyanye n'ubuhanga bwihariye mu gukoresha porogaramu

Urubanza rwa Niigata rugaragaza ihame rishingira ku buryo Hongyang yakoreshaga ku isoko ry’imashini zitunganya ibiryo ku isi: ubuhanga bushingiye ku mikoreshereze yihariye butuma abakiriya babona umusaruro. Ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze y’ibiryo bya koi, ibintu by’ingenzi ntibyari umusaruro usanzwe—ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya HYPM bwari burenze cyane ingano nto y’umukiriya ya toni 3.500 ku mwaka—ahubwo bwari bufite ibyuma bitagira ingano, ubuziranenge bw’igipimo cyo gukanda, no guhuza imiterere y’ibiryo. Ubwitange bwa Hongyang bwo gushyiraho ibyuma bitagira ingano hakurikijwe ibyo umuhinzi w’ibiryo by’amafi y’imitako akeneye, aho gutanga ibiribwa bisanzwe by’amatungo, byatandukanije ubucuruzi n’abatanga ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa.

Ukurikije uko umukiriya abibona, agaciro karenze imikorere y'ibikoresho. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro byo gusimbuza ibikoresho byagabanyije ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ku kigero cya miliyoni 1.2 z'amayen buri mwaka. Gukuraho kwangwa kw'ibicuruzwa byagaruje toni zigera kuri 85 z'ubushobozi bwo gukora bwakoreshejwe mu gihe cyashize buri mwaka. Kandi inyungu ku kunyurwa kw'abakiriya—bigoye kubipima ariko bikaba ari ingenzi mu bucuruzi mu muco w'ubucuruzi mu Buyapani bushingiye ku mibanire—byakomeje umwanya wabo wo guhatana ku isoko aho izina ry'ikirango ritegeka ibiciro by'inyongera.

Umwanzuro

Inganda za koi zo mu Buyapani, zifite amahame meza y’ubuziranenge n’abakiriya bakomeye, ni imwe mu masoko asabwa cyane ku isi. Gukoresha neza uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM ring die pellet mills mu ruganda rwa Niigata koi feeding, bigaragaza ko ibikoresho bya pellets byakozwe neza bishobora gutanga iterambere rifatika mu bwiza bwa pellets, umusaruro uhagije, no kunyurwa kw'abakiriya—ndetse no mu bikorwa by'ibanze aho ingano y'umusaruro itagera ku rwego rw'inganda.

Ku bakora ibiryo by’amatungo bakorera amasoko y’ubworozi bw’amafi ku rwego rwo hejuru, Niigata itanga icyitegererezo gishobora gukosorwa: gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibiryo n’uburyo bwo kuvugurura imiterere y’ibimera, gupima umusaruro neza, no gufata ubwiza bw’ibimera nk’ikintu gitandukanya ibimera aho kuba urugero rwo kubahiriza amategeko.