Ibisobanuro birambuye by'ibipimo
Igihugu cya Kenya
Akarere ka Nakuru, Rift Valley
Ubwoko bw'umukiriya Uruganda rukora ibiryo by'amata by'ubucuruzi buciriritse
Ubwoko bw'ibiryo Uduce tw'ibiryo by'amata (poroteyine 14–18%, umurambararo wa mm 6)
Ibikoresho bya Hongyang HYPM508 Ring Die Pellet Mill × 1 unit; HYSK160 Counterflow Cooler × 1 unit
Ubushobozi bwo gusya pellets bufite amanota 8 t/h
Umusaruro nyakuri urambye 7.8–8.2 t / isaha
Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinure (PDI) 96.8% (Holmen tester, amasegonda 30)
Ingano y'ibinure biri munsi ya 2.0% nyuma yo gukonjesha
Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo bukonje buri hagati ya 3–5 °C n'ikirere
Itariki yo gushyiraho: Mutarama 2025
1. Amavu n'amavuko
Kenya ni yo musaruro munini w’amata mu bihugu biri munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara hanze ya Afurika y'Epfo. Dukurikije amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ikigo gishinzwe amata cya Kenya, agashyirwa ku rubuga rwa governance.co.ke, iki gihugu cyatanze litiro miliyari 5.76 z’amata mu 2024, ugereranyije na litiro miliyari 5.2 mu 2022. Urwego rw’amata rutanga 3-4% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu na hafi 12% by’umusaruro rusange w’ubuhinzi, rufasha ingo zisaga miliyoni 1.8 zo mu cyaro kandi rutanga imirimo irenga 700.000 itaziguye n’itaziguye. Muri gahunda yo guhindura ubukungu mu byiciro by’ibura ry’amata (BETA), guverinoma yihaye intego yo gukuba kabiri umusaruro w’amata ukagera kuri litiro miliyari 10 buri mwaka, aho kunoza imirire y’amatungo byagaragaye ko ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi.
Akarere ka Nakuru kari mu kibaya cya Rift muri Kenya - kimwe mu bice by’umusaruro w’amata byiganjemo cyane mu gihugu. Mu 2024 gusa, Nakuru yahinze litiro miliyoni 318 z’amata zifite agaciro ka miliyari 13.9 z’amashilingi, ikaba yaratunganyije imibereho y’abantu barenga 500.000 mu ruhererekane rw’agaciro k’amata, nk’uko byatangajwe na Organic Farm Kenya mbere y’inama ya mbere y’uruhererekane rw’agaciro k’amata muri ako karere yabaye muri Nzeri 2025. Aka karere gacumbikiye itsinda ry’abahinzi bato n’abaciriritse bishingikiriza ku biryo by’amata bikorerwa mu gihugu kugira ngo bakomeze konsa.
Urwego rw’inganda zikora ibiryo by’ubucuruzi muri Kenya rwagutse cyane bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe. Muri Gashyantare 2025, ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’Ubuholandi cyitwa De Heus Animal Nutrition cyatanze uruganda rw’ibiryo rwa miliyari 3 z’ama-Ksh (hafi miliyoni 23 z’amadolari y’Amerika) mu ruzi rwa Athi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 240.000 ku mwaka, rufite imirongo ibiri ya pellet buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwa toni 20 ku isaha - ikimenyetso cyumvikana cy’uko urwo rwego ruri kuzamuka. Ariko, ku bakora ibiryo biciriritse bakorera hanze y’uruzi rwa Nairobi-Athi, ikibazo si ukwagura ubushobozi bwonyine; ni ukugera ku bwiza bwa pellet, imikorere ihamye, no kwizerwa mu mikorere nk’uko abahinzi b’amata bo mu bucuruzi barushaho gusaba.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, umukiriya ni ikigo cy’umuryango gitunganya ibiryo by’amatungo gifite icyicaro mu birometero 15 uvuye mu mujyi wa Nakuru rwagati. Cyashinzwe mu 2012, ikigo gikora toni zigera ku 2.500 z’ibiryo by’amata buri kwezi, aho hafi 60% by’ibiryo by’amata mu buryo bwa pellet. Umusaruro usigaye ugizwe n’ibiryo by’inkoko n’ibiryo by’abahinzi b’ingurube, byombi bigurishwa mu buryo bw’ifu. Ifu y’ibiryo by’amata ni yo ikora ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi ni yo itera imbere cyane.
Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ifu y’amata bituruka mu buso bwa kilometero 120: ibigori n’imbeba z’ibigori bituruka muri Kitale na Eldoret, ifu ya soya ituruka mu nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku matungo zo mu gace k’inganda ka Nakuru, keke y’imbuto z’ipamba ituruka mu nganda zikora ibikomoka ku bimera mu kiyaga cya Victoria, n’amabuye y’agaciro aturuka mu bacuruzi bo muri Nairobi. Uru ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bigufi ruha uru ruganda inyungu ikomeye ku giciro gito ugereranije n’abanywanyi barwo bashingiye ku biryo by’ibiribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko kandi bivuze ko ubushuhe bw’ibikomoka ku matungo n’ingano y’uduce bitandukanye cyane hagati y’amatsinda - ibintu bitanga ingufu nyinshi ku bushobozi bw’uru ruganda bwo gutunganya no gukanda.
2. Ingorane
Mbere ya 2025, umurongo w’umukiriya wo gukata amata wari wubatswe ku nganda ebyiri zikora amata zituruka mu Buhinde zikora amata, buri nganda ifite toni 6 ku isaha. Mu myaka ine ishize zikora - aho izo nganda zatunganyaga toni zigera ku 75.000 z’amata - hari ibibazo bitatu byakomeje kugaragara, buri nganda zigatakaza inyungu n’icyizere cy’abakiriya.
Ubwa mbere: kudahindagurika kw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kwangirika buhoro buhoro. Sisitemu yo kohereza amapine ikoresha umukandara yahuye n'ikibazo cyo gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ubwo umukandara wagabanukaga bitewe n'umutwaro uhoraho n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu kirere. Nakuru iri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.850 uvuye ku nyanja, ubushyuhe bw'amanywa bugera kuri 28–32 °C buri gihe. Muri ibi bihe, abakora bavugaga ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zagiye zigabanuka kuva kuri 5.5 t / h kugeza kuri 3.8 t / h mu mezi atatu uhereye kuri buri gihe cyo gusimbuza umukandara. Gusimbuza umukandara byasabwaga buri mezi ane kugeza kuri atanu, buri gihe bigatwara amasaha umunani kugeza ku icumi yo gukora.
Icya kabiri: gutanga amande menshi. Imashini za kera zikoreshaga icyuma gikonjesha umukandara wa kera cyagorwaga no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa pellet munsi ya 20 °C hejuru y’ikirere mu gihe cyo gukora cyane. Pellets zisohoka muri cooler kuri 50-55 °C zagaragaje uduce duto two hejuru mu gihe zakonjeshaga cyane mu gihe cyo kubika, bigatanga amande yakusanyirizwaga mu mifuka minini no mu makamyo yo gutwara. Igenzura ryakozwe n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umukiriya ryagaragaje ko amande yari hagati ya 6.5% na 11.2% by'uburemere - hejuru cyane ya 3% ugereranyije n'aborozi b'amata bo mu karere ka Rift Valley bari biteze. Aborozi binubiye ivumbi rigaragara mu biryo byatanzwe kandi bavuga ko inka zabo zanze igice gito cyane, zisiga ibisigazwa bitaribwa mu byobo byo kugaburira.
Icya gatatu: kwiyongera kw'igihe cyo gukora kitateganijwe. Kunanirwa kwa fertiseur ya gearbox, umunaniro wa ring die clamp bolt, no gushyuha cyane kwa moteri itwara cooler hamwe byatanze impuzandengo y'ihagarara 11 ritari ryateganijwe ku kwezi, buri rimwe rimara iminota 45 kugeza ku nshuro yaryo yose. Mu gihe cyo konsa cyane (Werurwe-Kamena, ubwo ubwatsi bwagabanukaga kandi icyifuzo cyiyongera cyane), ubushobozi bw'umusaruro mwiza bw'uru ruganda bwagabanutseho hafi 28% munsi y'ibyo rwari rwiyemeje mu masezerano, bituma umukiriya aguriza umuhinzi we ku ruganda ruri mu birometero 80 uvuye aho - ku giciro cya KSh 3.50 kuri kilo yatwaye hafi amafaranga yose y'umusaruro w'amata.
Inyandiko y’umukiriya yo kubungabunga ibikoresho mu mezi 12 yabanjirije ihinduka ry’ibikoresho yanditswemo ibikorwa 127 bitateganyijwe, igihe kiri hagati y’amasaha 65 y’akazi (MTBF), n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kubungabunga buri mwaka angana na 18% by’agaciro k’ibitabo by’inganda za pellet.
3. Igisubizo cya Hongyang
Muri Nzeri 2024, nyuma yo gusuzuma ibitekerezo by’abatanga ibikoresho batatu — umwe w’Umunyaburayi, undi w’Umuhinde (icyitegererezo cy’uwari usanzweho), na Hongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang, mu Bushinwa) — umukiriya yahisemo icyifuzo cya Hongyang. Ibintu by’ingenzi, nk’uko byavuzwe n’umuyobozi mukuru w’uruganda, ni: (a) kohereza HYPM508 mu buryo butaziguye, bikuraho gucika kw’umukandara nk’uburyo bwo kwangirika; (b) sisitemu yo gukonjesha ihuriweho, iyo igitekerezo cy’i Burayi cyatanze igiciro cyo hejuru cya 40% nk’inyongera yihariye; na (c) ubushake bwa Hongyang bwo gutanga ubufasha bwo gutanga serivisi hamwe n’itsinda ry’abahanga babiri mu by’ubwubatsi mu minsi 14.
Imiterere yashyizweho ni iyi ikurikira:
Ibisobanuro by'ibice
Uruganda rwa Pellet Hongyang HYPM508 Uruganda rwa Pellet rukora impeta
Moteri Nkuru 160 kW, 4-pole, IP55, ubwishingizi bwa Class F
Ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa Transmission Helical gear drive, zifatanye neza, zikozwe mu bwogero bw'amavuta
Idirishya ry'impeta rifite umurambararo wa mm 508 imbere, umwobo ufatika wa mm 6.0 × mm 65, icyuma kitagira umugese (X46Cr13), gikonjeshejwe mu buryo bwa vacuum kugeza kuri HRC 58–60
Igikoresho cyo gukaraba gifite imigozi ibiri, uburebure bwa metero 3.0, imigozi y'icyuma kitagira umuhengeri
Boiler ya Steam System 1.0 t/h (ihari), sitasiyo igabanya umuvuduko n'imashini ihindura ikirere
Konjesha Hongyang HYSK160 Counterflow Konjesha
Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha 8–10 t/h (bihuye n'umusaruro w'imashini zikora pellet)
Umuyaga ukoresha umuyaga wa 15 kW ukoresheje umuyaga ugabanya umuyaga
Gusohora umwuka ufunguye mu buryo bwa Rotary airlock, frequency variable drive
Ubwubatsi bw'ingufu: imashini itwara imizigo ikuraho kwangirika kw'umukandara. HYPM508 ikoresha imashini itwara imizigo ifatanye neza na moteri nkuru binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo guhuza, hamwe n'ingufu y'impeta ishyizwe ku mugozi w'ingufu. Iyi miterere yohereza imbaraga ku gipimo cyo kugabanya gihoraho cya 6.3:1, itanga umuvuduko wa 6.5–7.0 m/s - mu gihe cy'ibyiza byo gukoresha amata birimo poroteyine ya 14–18% na fibre ya 10–12%. Bitandukanye n'izindi zabanjirije umukandara, nta kintu cyohereza gishobora kugabanya imbaraga, guhinduranya ubushyuhe bushingiye ku bushyuhe, cyangwa kwinjira mu mukungugu. Agasanduku k'imashini gafunze kandi gasizwe amavuta, hamwe n'ikirahure n'agace k'amazi gakoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo gasuzumwe buri gihe.
Gutunganya: imikorere y’imigozi ibiri ku mitobe ifite fibre nyinshi. Imitobe y’ibikomoka ku mata muri Kenya ubusanzwe iba irimo 15-25% by’umugati w’ipamba cyangwa umugati w’ibihwagari, byombi bigira uruhare mu mitobe y’imiterere irwanya gelatinization. Umuti ugabanya imigozi ibiri wa Hongyang ukemura ibi ukomeza igihe cyo kubika amasegonda 45-60 kuri 82-88 °C, bigatuma igice cy’ibinyampeke biva mu bigori (hafi 30-35% by’umuti) kigera ku gelatinization ihagije kugira ngo gikore nk’ikintu gifatana mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Imiterere y’imitobe itandukanye - hamwe n’imigozi y’imbere n’iy’inyuma izenguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye - ibuza ko imitobe imwe igabanya imigozi ibiri igaragaza iyo itunganya ibiryo bifite fibre kandi bike.
Gukonjesha mu buryo butunguranye: guhumeka mu buryo butunguranye birinda gushyuha. Igikoresho gikonjesha cya HYSK160 gica mu kirere kizamuka kinyuze mu gice cy'ibicuruzwa bimanuka, bigatuma ubushyuhe buhinduka aho uduce dushyushye cyane (dusohoka mu cyuma gikonjesha kuri 75–85 °C) duhura n'umwuka ushyushye cyane, mu gihe uduce dushyushye cyane hafi y'irembo ry'igikonjesha duhura n'umwuka mwiza wo mu kirere. Uku guhinduka mu buryo butunguranye kw'ubushyuhe birinda gucikagurika kw'ubuso bw'igikonjesha bibaho iyo uduce dushyushye duhuye n'umwuka ukonje wo mu kirere mu byuma bikonjesha bigororotse cyangwa bihagaze. Ingufu zihindagurika ku gikoresho gifunga umwuka zihindura igihe cyo gutura kugira ngo zihuze n'umuvuduko utandukanye w'igikonjesha, zigatuma igikonjesha gikora ku burebure bukwiye mu buryo bwose bwo gutanga umusaruro.
Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma bukoreshwa mu gukora ifu isanzwe. Umugati w'imbuto z'ipamba zo muri Kenya, bitewe n'aho ukomoka, urimo uduce dusigaye tw'ibishishwa n'ibice by'ubutaka bigira uruhare mu gushwanyagurika kw'urukuta. Hongyang yagaragaje icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya X46Cr13 gikozwe mu cyuma gifunze gifite igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:6.5 ku mwobo wa mm 6.0. Iki gipimo cy'ibikoresho gifata ubukana bwa HRC 58-60 mu gihe kigumana ubukana buhagije bwo kwirinda gushwanyagurika ku mwobo - uburyo bwo gutsindwa bwagaragaye ku bishishwa byabanje, byakomerejwe kugeza ku gishishwa cya HRC 62-64.
4. Ibisubizo
Umuyoboro wa Hongyang watangiye gukoreshwa muri Mutarama 2025. Itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umukiriya ryakoze gahunda y'iminsi 90 yo kugenzura imikorere, ripima ibipimo by'ingenzi ugereranije n'amakuru y'ibanze yavuye mu mezi atandatu ya nyuma y'imikorere y'umuyoboro wa kera. Ibisubizo biravugwa hano hepfo.
Umurongo w'Indangagaciro z'Imikorere (Nyakanga–Ukuboza 2024) Umurongo wa Hongyang (Gashyantare–Mata 2025) Iterambere
Umuvuduko urambye 3.8–5.5 t/h 7.8–8.2 t/h + 49% ku mupaka wo hasi
Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinure (PDI) 87.2% impuzandengo 96.8% impuzandengo +9.6 ku ijana by'amanota
Ibipimo by'ibihano (nyuma yo gukonjesha) 6.5–11.2% 1.2–2.0% –82%
Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora amazi bukonje 20–25 °C hejuru y'ikirere 3–5 °C hejuru y'ikirere -80%
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye 22.4 kWh/t 18.1 kWh/t –19.2%
Guhagarara ku kwezi bitateganijwe 10.6 Impuzandengo 2.3 Impuzandengo –78%
MTBF (amasaha yo gukora) amasaha 65 amasaha 312 + 380%
Amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri kwezi KSh 187.000 KSh 53.000 –72%
Ibisubizo bibiri bikwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko.
Igipimo cyo Kuramba kw'Amata ku kigero cya 96.8%. Ibisubizo bya Holmen bya 96.8% nyuma y'amasegonda 30 bigaragaza ubuziranenge bwa pellet mu gice cya mbere cy'ibiryo by'amata by'ubucuruzi ku isi. Guhuza icyuma gikonjesha kabiri kigera ku gukaraba kw'amata asanzwe hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha kirwanya ubushyuhe bukabije ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze. Ku borozi b'amata mu gice cyo gukwirakwiza amata cy'umukiriya, ibi byahinduwe ibiryo bisukuye bigaragara, kwangwa nta bihano bikabije mu mezi atanu kuva byatangira gukoreshwa, ndetse na raporo z'inkuru zerekana ko ibisigazwa by'amata byagabanutse.
Ingufu zikoreshwa zagabanutseho 19.2%. Iyi mibare igaragaza ingaruka zose za transmission ikoresha vitesi (hafi 5% byiyongereyeho ubushobozi ugereranyije n'umukandara ufashwe neza ndetse na 12% ugereranyije n'umukandara washaje), hamwe no gukuraho umufana usanzwe w'umukandara ukoresha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye hamwe n'umufana wo kuzunguruka, byose hamwe byakoreshaga hafi 7.5 kW. Ku musaruro w'uruganda ungana na toni 1.500 z'ibitoki by'amata ku kwezi, kuzigama 4.3 kWh/t bingana na KSh 130.000 ku kwezi mu kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi - bingana n'umushahara w'undi mukozi umwe ukora.
5. Ibitekerezo ku bakiliya
Umuyobozi mukuru w'uru ruganda, ubwo yasuraga uru ruganda muri Gicurasi 2025, yatanze isuzuma rikurikira:
“Uruganda rukora pellet rukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa gear-drive pellet mill n’ibikoresho bikonjesha amazi byahinduye cyane uburyo duteganya umusaruro. Muri gahunda isanzwe, nateganyaga imashini - nteganya amadirishya yo gusana, nteganya ingengo y’imari yo gusimbuza imikandara, kandi nsaba imbabazi abahinzi igihe ibyo batangaga byatinze. Ubu imashini zikora hakurikijwe gahunda yo gukora, ntabwo zikora ukundi. Aborozi bacu b’amata batubwira ko pellets zigeze aho ziri kandi inka zabo zisukura imiyoboro. Ibyo ni byo bitekerezo by’ingenzi kuri twe.”
Umugenzuzi w’umusaruro yongeyeho ati: “Imashini ishyushya amazi mu gihe cy’imvura ni yo ntagereranywa. Twakundaga kugira ibibazo by’ibihumyo mu gihe cy’imvura kuko imashini ishyushya amazi yasize ibinure bishyushye kandi bitose. Imvura y’uyu mwaka — kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Gicurasi — nta ngaruka na nke yagiraga ku bihumyo. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora amazi mu gihe cy’imvura butigeze burenga 30 °C ndetse no mu minsi aho ikirere cyageraga kuri 30 °C. Uko guhindagurika ni ko abakiriya bacu babona.”
Itsinda ry’abashinzwe kubungabunga ryatangaje ko icyuma gifunganye cyashyizwe mu gihe cyo gutangira gukora cyari cyamaze gukora amasaha agera ku 6.200 mu mpera za Gicurasi 2025, aho umwobo w’icyuma wari wamaze kwangirika kuri mm 0.12 - biri mu rugero ntarengwa rwatanzwe n’uruganda rwa 0.25 mm, bikaba bigaragaza ko igihe cy’urufunguzo cyateganijwe cyo kumara amasaha arenga 10.000 kuri iyi formula.
6. Umwanzuro
Icyegeranyo cy’uruganda rw’ibiryo by’amata rwa Nakuru kigaragaza imiterere igaruka ku nganda ziciriritse zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba: ihinduka kuva ku ruganda rw’ibiryo rukoresha umukandara rujya ku rundi rukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha ibyuma ...
Kuri Hongyang Feed Machinery, umushinga werekanye ubushobozi bw'ikigo bwo gutanga igisubizo cyuzuye cyo gusya pellet - pellet mill, conditioner, na cooler - nk'ipaki ihuriweho hamwe n'inkunga yo gusya aho ikorera mu buryo bugoye. Igihe cyo gusya cyamaze iminsi 14 cyarangiye mu gihe cyagenwe, kandi umurongo wageze kuri 95% by'ubushobozi bwagenwe ku munsi wa 11 w'umusaruro.
Ku nganda zitunganya ibiryo by’amatungo muri Kenya muri rusange, iki kibazo gishimangira intego y’ingenzi: uko leta ishyira imbaraga mu gutanga litiro miliyari 10 z’umusaruro w’amata buri mwaka, kandi uko abinjira mu mahanga bazamura urwego rwo guhatana, ubushobozi bw’uruganda rwigenga rwo guhatana ntibuzashingira ku giciro gito cyane cyo kugura ibikoresho, ahubwo buzashingira ku giciro gito cyane cyo gutunga no ku bwiza bw’ibinyobwa bigezwa ku irembo ry’ubuhinzi.
Inkomoko y'amakuru: Imibare y'umusaruro w'amata muri Kenya n'urwego rw'amata iva kuri governance.co.ke (BETA Dashboard, 2024). Amakuru y'umusaruro w'amata mu Karere ka Nakuru aturuka kuri Organic Farm Kenya (Raporo y'inama y'uruhererekane rw'agaciro k'amata muri Nakuru, 2025). Ibisobanuro birambuye ku bimera bya De Heus Kenya biva kuri Organic Farm Kenya (Gashyantare 2025). Ibisobanuro ku mirire y'ibiribwa by'amata muri Kenya biva kuri happyfeeds.co.ke na farmfeeds.org urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa. Amakuru yose ku mikorere y'ibikoresho aturuka ku nyandiko zigenzura abakiriya, Mutarama–Gicurasi 2025.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-20-2026
