Igihugu: Mongoliya
Ubwoko bw'umukiriya: Inka z'inka n'intama zo kugaburira amatungo ziciriritse (inka 8.500 zo ku mutwe, intama 12.000, amatungo yo kugaburira amatungo kugeza arangiye)
Ubwoko bw'ibiryo: Ibiryo byuzuye by'amatungo (ibiryo bishingiye ku ngano, ibirayi, ibyatsi n'ibirayi)
Ibikoresho: Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill ifite conditioner yagutse ifite ibyiciro bibiri, SFSP hammer mill, twin-shaft paddle mixer, counter-flow cooler
Umusaruro w'ibiryo ku mwaka: toni 22,000
Umusaruro w'ingenzi: PDI yazamutse kuva kuri 86.2% kugera kuri 94.6%; kwiyongera ibiro buri munsi mu gihe cy'itumba byiyongereyeho 15% (kuva kuri 0.72 kugeza kuri 0.83 kg ku munsi ku nka); ikiguzi cy'ibiribwa ku mwaka cyagabanyirijwe miliyoni 87 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Inyuma
Urwego rw'ubworozi muri Mongolia ni inkingi y'ubukungu bw'igihugu, aho amashyo agera kuri miliyoni 64.7 kugeza mu 2023, agacungwa ahanini binyuze mu rwuri gakondo rwo mu gasozi mu gihugu rufite hegitari miliyoni 112. Ariko, ubu buryo bunini buhura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imiterere. Banki Ishinzwe Iterambere rya Aziya yagaragaje ko ubworozi bukabije n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ari byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera kwangirika k'ubwatsi bw'amatungo, ivuga ko igipimo cy'ubworozi kirenze ubushobozi bwo gutwara mu turere twose - kuva kuri 106% mu burengerazuba kugeza kuri 2.672% bidashoboka mu nzira ya Ulaanbaatar. Raporo ya ADB yagaragaje ko urwego rw'ubworozi muri Mongolia rukora hakurikijwe icyitegererezo cy' "umukoresha n'umurinzi" aho kuba "umuhinzi n'umworozi", aho abashumba bafata umubare w'amatungo nk'uburyo bwo kuzigama aho kwibanda ku musaruro kuri buri muntu.
Indwara ya "dzud" - ibihe by'ubukonje bukabije nyuma y'impeshyi y'umuhengeri, birangwa n'urubura rwinshi, ubushyuhe butwikiriye, n'ubushyuhe buri munsi ya -40°C - byakunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Hagati ya 2000 na 2023, Mongolia yahuye n'ibintu bitandatu bikomeye bya dzud. Imbeho yo mu 2023-2024 yonyine yateje igihombo cy'amatungo kirenga miliyoni 5.9, cyibasiwe n'amatungo yinjiye mu gihe cy'ubukonje afite umubiri mubi bitewe no kudatunga bihagije. Ingamba z'iterambere rya Mongolia zo mu cyerekezo cya 2050 zishyira imbere ku buryo bugaragara impinduka "kuva ku mubare wose w'amatungo ugana ku musaruro rusange," aho Icyiciro cya 1 (2021-2030) kigamije umusaruro ugezweho w'ibiryo nk'inkingi y'ibanze.
Ikigo cy’ubworozi cy’amatungo kiri mu Ntara ya Töv, mu birometero bigera ku 120 mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Ulaanbaatar, cyabonye ko iyi mpinduka yihutirwa. Iki gikorwa cyakomeje kugaburira inka 8.500 z’inka n’intama 12.000 ku buryo bwo kuzitunganyiriza ubwatsi, gishakisha ubwatsi bwa hegitari 170.000 z’ubwatsi bw’itumba. Nyuma y’igihombo cya dzud cyo mu 2023-2024, itsinda ry’abayobozi ryasanze kwishingikiriza ku byongerera ubwatsi gusa mu gihe cy’itumba bitagishoboka. Bashatse gushyiraho ikigo cyo guterera ibiryo by’amatungo gishobora gukora neza mu gihe cy’itumba rya Mongoliya, aho ubushyuhe bw’ikirere buhora bugabanuka kugeza kuri -30°C rimwe na rimwe bukagera kuri -40°C.
Imbogamizi
Ubworozi bw’inka bwari busanzwe bugaburira inka ubwatsi bw’ibyatsi gakondo bwiyongereyeho sayiri n’ingano, bugatangwa n’intoki kabiri ku munsi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bikururwa na traktori. Ibibazo bitatu bifitanye isano byatumye bafata icyemezo cyo gushora imari mu gusya:
Kugabanya ibiro mu gihe cy'imbeho. Inyandiko zo mu gihe cy'itumba 2022-2023 na 2023-2024 zagaragaje ko impuzandengo y'ibiro yagabanutseho garama 180-220 ku munsi ku munsi mu gihe cy'amezi atanu y'ubukonje (Ugushyingo kugeza Werurwe). Inka zinjiraga mu gihe cy'itumba zabaga zifite ibiro 380-420 kg ubusanzwe zagaragaye muri Mata ku biro 340-370 kg - igihombo cya kg 40-50 kuri buri tungo kigera kuri MNT 320,000-400,000 ku giciro cyatanzwe ku isoko ku giciro cy'inyama z'inka.
Gupfusha ubusa ibiryo. Gutanga ubwatsi n'ibinyampeke mu gihe cy'umuyaga mwinshi byatumye habaho igipimo cya 25-30% cy'ipfa ry'ibiryo, kuko utuntu tw'urumuri twahuhaga mu biribwa mbere yo kubirya. Intama zagize ingaruka cyane, aho imbuto nziza za sayiri zatakaye mu rubura kandi umukumbi utabasha kuzibona.
Ubwiza bw'ibiryo by'inyongera budahuye. Igikorwa cyari cyagerageje kugura ibiryo by'inyongera mu ruganda hafi ya Ulaanbaatar mu gihe cy'itumba rya 2023, ariko kuramba kwa pellets kwari guhindagurika. Isesengura rya laboratwari ry'ibibanza byaguzwe ryagaragaje ko agaciro ka Pellet Durability Index (PDI) kari hagati ya 83% na 88%. Ubwikorezi mu birometero 120 by'imihanda ya kaburimbo n'amabuye - hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije bwangizaga pellets zidakora neza - byasobanuraga ko amande ku meza yo kugaburira yarengaga 18% ku buremere iyo ihageze.
Itsinda ry’abaganga b’amatungo ryanditse ku buryo buhora bugaruka: inka zirya utunyangingo twinshi tw’utunyangingo ...
Igisubizo cya Hongyang
Muri Kanama 2025, Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. yatanze inashyiraho umurongo wose wo gusya ushingiye ku ruganda rwa HYPM-508 ring die pellet, rwakozwe ku buryo bukurikira:
Uruganda rwa Pellet: HYPM-508, moteri nkuru ya 132 kW, umurambararo w'imbere wa 508 mm
Indabyo y'impeta: Icyuma kidafunze X46Cr13, gikozwe mu cyuma gikonjesha HRC 54-56, umurambararo w'umwobo wa mm 6.0, igipimo cyo gukanda 1:8.5
Sisitemu yo Gutunganya: Igikoresho cyo kuruhuka gifite imiterere ibiri gifite ubushyuhe bw'ikoti ry'umwuka (igihe cyo kugifata ni amasegonda 55-70, ubushyuhe bwa mash ni 75-80°C aho umuntu yinjira)
Ibikoresho by'inyongera: Hongyang SFSP ikora inyundo (90 kW, ecran ya 3.0 mm), imashini ivanga uduce duto two gukaraba (1.000 kg/batch), imashini ikonjesha amazi ikoresheje icyuma gishyushya amazi hamwe n'umwuka ufata ahantu hashyushye.
Igipimo cyakoreshejwe: toni 4.0-4.5 ku isaha ku biryo byuzuye by'amatungo
Ibyemezo bitatu by’ubuhanga byagaragaye ko ari ingenzi kugira ngo imirimo yo mu gihe cy’itumba igende neza:
Imiterere y’ikirere gikonje. Mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwa Mongoliya, ibinyampeke bibikwa mu byuma bitashyushye bishobora kugera kuri -25°C cyangwa munsi yabyo mu gihe cyo kubigaburira. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikonjesha bifite amasegonda 20-30 ntibishobora gutuma ibinyampeke bikonjesha bigera ku bushyuhe bwa gelatinization. Itsinda ry’abahanga rya Hongyang ryagennye conditioner ifite amasegonda abiri maremare ifite igihe cyo kubika neza cy’amasegonda 55-70 no guterwa n’umwuka kuri 5.0 bar - hejuru y’agace gasanzwe ka 3.5-4.0 gakoreshwa mu turere dushyuha. Ikoti rya conditioner ryari ripfunyitse mu byuma bya mineral wool bya mm 50 kandi ripfunyitse mu cyuma cya galvanized kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe. Mu gihe cyo gukora igerageza kuri -28°C, sisitemu yakomeje kugera ku bushyuhe bwa 75-80°C ku gice cyo kwinjiramo, bituma igipimo cya gelatinization y’ibinyampeke kigera kuri 35-38% nk’uko byemejwe n’ibizamini bya iodine.
Uburyo bwo kunoza igipimo cyo gukandagira kw'ibiryo by'amatungo. Uburyo bwo gukandagira ibiryo by'ikigo - 35% bya sayiri, 20% by'ingano, 25% by'ibyatsi by'umwimerere (byaseye kugeza kuri mm 3.0), 15% by'ifu y'imbuto za rapeseed, 5% by'imyunyu ngugu ya vitamine - byagaragaje imiterere igoye yo gukandagira. Ingano nyinshi ya fibre iva mu byatsi n'ibinyampeke igabanya uburyo bwo gufatana karemano, mu gihe uburyo bwo gukanda bukundwa n'indyo y'amatungo (mm 1.5-2.5) butanga ubuso buke bwo gukaranga ibinyampeke ugereranije n'inkoko zisya neza. Itsinda rya Hongyang ryakoze igerageza ry'iminsi ine aho hantu, rikoresha uburyo nyabwo bwo gukandagira bw'ibinyampeke mu gihe cy'itumba, rigerageza igipimo cyo gukandagira cy'ingano cya 1:7, 1:8.5, na 1:10. Igipimo cya 1:8.5 — hakoreshejwe die ya mm 6.0 ifite uburebure bwa mm 51 — yatanze igipimo cyiza: PDI ya 94.6% (uburyo bwa Holmen, bwageragejwe nyuma y'amasaha 24 yo gukonjesha kuri -30°C kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'ubwikorezi bw'imbeho) hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rya 22.4 kWh/toni kuri moteri ya pellet. Igipimo cya 1:10 cyongereye gato PDI igera kuri 95.8% ariko cyongera ingufu zihariye igera kuri 27.1 kWh/toni, ubwiyongere bwa 21% imiterere y'ingufu za mazutu muri icyo gikorwa itashoboraga kwakira. Igipimo cya 1:7 cyatanze PDI ya 89.3% gusa, munsi y'intego ya 90%.
Uburyo bwo gushyushya icyuma kidakonjesha. Mbere ya buri gihembwe cy'itumba, icyuma gishyushya icyuma n'ibyuma byashyushyaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukoresha urusyo nta mutwaro, umwuka unyura muri conditioner mu gihe cy'iminota 25-30, byongera ubushyuhe bwa icyuma kikagera kuri 28-32°C mbere yo gukoresha bwa mbere. Ubu buryo — bwanditswe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ururimi rwa Mongoliya (SOP) bwakozwe ku bufatanye n'abahanga bo muri Hongyang n'itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga ibiribwa — bwakuyeho ibintu byagaragaye ko bishobora gutera ingorane mu gihe cyo gusuzuma igishushanyo mbonera.
Ibisubizo
Nyuma y'amezi cumi n'abiri y'imikorere, harimo n'igihe cy'itumba cyose (Ugushyingo 2025 kugeza Werurwe 2026), inyandiko z'umusaruro w'imbere mu kigo cyita ku matungo n'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo zerekanye ibi bikurikira:
Impinduka mu gihe cy'itumba rya Hongyang (Itumba rya 2023-2024) Nyuma ya Hongyang (Itumba rya 2025-2026)
— — — — —
Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinure (PDI) 86.2% (ibiryo byaguzwe) 94.6% (aho byabereye) +8.4 amanota
Amande y'ibiryo ku meza 18.3% 5.1% -13.2 amanota
Inka ziyongera buri munsi mu gihe cy'itumba -0.18 kg/umunsi (kugabanuka) +0.83 kg/umunsi (kuzamuka) +1.01 kg/umunsi
Intama ziyongera buri munsi mu gihe cy'itumba -0.06 kg/umunsi (igihombo) +0.19 kg/umunsi (igihombo) +0.25 kg/umunsi
Igipimo cy'ipfa ry'ibiryo 27% 6% -21 amanota
Ingufu zihariye z'uruganda rwa pellet — 22.4 kWh/toni —
Igihe cyo gukoresha icyuma gipima uburebure bw'umurambararo — toni 7.200 (birakomeje) —
Igiciro cy'ibiribwa ku mwaka (22.000 t) MNT miliyari 3.41 MNT miliyari 3.32 -MNT miliyoni 87
Impinduka yo kuva ku kugabanya ibiro mu gihe cy'itumba kugeza ku kwiyongera ibiro mu gihe cy'itumba ni yo ngaruka ikomeye mu bukungu. Ku nka zonyine, impinduka yo kuva ku kugabanya ibiro 0.18 ku munsi ikagera ku kwiyongera 0.83 kg ku munsi mu minsi 150 y'itumba igaragaza iterambere rya kg 151 kuri buri muntu - bingana n'uburemere bw'inyongera bushobora kugurishwa bufite agaciro ka miliyoni 1.2 kuri buri nyamaswa ku giciro cy'inyama z'inka zo muri Mata 2026. Mu nka 8.500, inyungu iteganijwe ku mwaka irenga miliyari 10 za MNT.
Kugabanuka kw'ibiryo byangiritse kuva kuri 27% kugeza kuri 6% - iterambere rya 21% - bitanga igice kinini cy'igabanywa ry'amafaranga ya MNT miliyoni 87 buri mwaka. Uburyo bwa pellet bwakuyeho ikibazo cy'ibura ry'umuyaga cyari cyarabangamiye ubwatsi n'ibinyampeke byo kurya ku gasozi gafunguye, mu gihe gukomeza kwatuma pellets ziguma uko zari zimeze binyuze mu gukwirakwiza augers mu buryo bwa mashini no mu gihe cy'ubukonje.
Iyi peringe yarangije toni 7.200 z'umusaruro wakoreshejwe muri Kamena 2026 kandi ikomeza gukoreshwa, ibipimo by'ubwambure bw'inyuma mu igenzura rya buri kwezi byerekana imiterere y'ubwambure bw'inyuma mu buryo buteganijwe muri Hongyang, aho toni 8.500-9.000 zari ziteganijwe gusimburwa - bihuye n'imikorere yagaragajwe mu rubanza rw'isosiyete yo muri Esitoniya ishingiye ku bukonje bw'ikirere.
Ibitekerezo ku bakiliya
Batbayar Ganbold, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ikigo cy'ibiribwa, yatekereje kuri uyu mushinga mu isuzuma ryakozwe muri Kamena 2026:
“Twatekereje ku bikoresho by’abatanga ibikoresho b’Abashinwa, Abanyaburayi n’Abarusiya. Hongyang yatsinze mu gutegura tekiniki. Injeniyeri zabo zimaze icyumweru ku isoko mbere yuko dusinya amasezerano, bapima ubushuhe bwacu bwa sayiri, basuzuma imiterere yacu yo gusya ibyatsi, banasesengura ubushyuhe bwacu bw’imbeho mu myaka itanu ishize. Bagarutse bafite igipimo cyo gukandagira kw’impeta n’imiterere y’imiterere y’ibikoresho byacu by’ibanze n’ikirere cyacu - ntabwo ari inama yo kubyaza umusaruro. Nta wundi mutanga serivisi wakoze uwo mukoro.”
Ganbold yavuze ko igipimo cy’impfu z’inyamaswa zo mu gace k’ibiryo by’amatungo mu gihe cy’itumba — cyageze kuri 6.2% mu gihe cy’umwaka wa 2023-2024 — cyagabanutse kigera kuri 1.7% mu mwaka wa 2025-2026, ibyo akaba yarabitekereje ahanini bitewe n’uko inyamaswa zinjira kandi zigakomeza kugira umubiri mwiza ku byo kurya byuzuye. Yongeyeho ko ako gace k’ibiryo kongereye ubushobozi bwo kurangiza ku mitwe 2.000 kandi asaba Hongyang kujya mu gikorwa cyo gutura hafi mu Ntara ya Selenge gihanganye n’ibibazo nk’ibyo byo kurya by’amatungo mu gihe cy’itumba.
Umwanzuro
Urugero rw’Intara ya Töv rugaragaza ko gushyira ibiryo by’inyongera mu buryo bufatika hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya 'ring die' rishobora guhindura cyane imicungire y’amatungo mu gihe cy’itumba mu kirere gikomeye cya Mongolia. HYPM-508 ya Hongyang yatanze ibiryo by’inyongera bihamye kandi biramba mu mezi atandatu yikurikiranya y’itumba, ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bugera kuri -35°C, bituma igikorwa gihindura kugabanya ibiro mu gihe cy’umwaka kikarushaho kwiyongera ibiro. Inkingi eshatu z’ikoranabuhanga zagize icyo zigeraho - uburyo bwo kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bikonjeshejwe, guhuza neza ingano y’ibiryo by’inyongera mu buryo bufatika, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukora budashobora gukonjeshwa - bitanga urugero rushobora gusubirwamo mu kuvugurura urwego rwagutse rw’ibiryo bya Mongolia hakurikijwe Icyerekezo 2050.
Uru rubanza kandi rugaragaza isomo rinini ku kugura ibikoresho by’amatungo mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’amatungo: agaciro k’ubuhanga mu gukoresha ibikoresho karuta ibisobanuro bya kataloge. Uko isoko ry’ibiryo by’amatungo muri Mongoliya rikura — 6Wresearch iteganya ko uru rwego ruzakura buhoro buhoro kugeza mu 2031, bitewe n’inkunga ya leta yo kongera umusaruro — abatanga ibikoresho bashora imari mu isesengura ry’imiterere y’ibiryo n’ubuhanga bushingiye ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere bazaba bafite umwanya mwiza wo gushyigikira ihinduka ry’igihugu kuva ku rwuri runini rujya ku rwego rwo gutanga umusaruro kandi rurambye mu byo kurya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-27-2026
