Incamake y'Ubuyobozi
Urwego rw’ubworozi bw’inkware muri Miyanimari rwariyongereye cyane mu myaka mirongo itanu ishize, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyifuzo by’amagi n’inyama by’inkware mu ngo hirya no hino muri Yangon, Mandalay, na Ayeyarwady Delta. Igice kinini cy’ibikorwa by’inkware bito n’ibiciriritse, ariko, bikomeje kwishingikiriza ku mirire y’ubwoko bwa mash-uburyo bwo kugaburira bufite imbogamizi zikomoka ku bintu bitandukanye: gutandukanya ibintu mu gihe cyo gutwara, ivumbi ryinshi ritera inyoni guhumeka nabi, hamwe n’imyitwarire yo kugaburira inyoni mu buryo butandukanye ibangamira uburyo bwo kurya. Iyi nyigo igaragaza ubunararibonye bwa koperative y’inyoni 60.000 zo mu Karere ka Bago yasimbuye gahunda yayo yo kugaburira inyoni hakoreshejwe mash hamwe na sisitemu yo kugaburira inyoni hakoreshejwe pellets yubatswe ku ruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM rukora pellets hamwe na pellets zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye. Amakuru y’amezi cumi n’abiri y’umusaruro arasesengurwa kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bwa pellets, imikorere myiza y’ibiryo by’inyoni, imikorere myiza y’inyoni, n’uburyo imikorere yazo ihagaze neza.
1. Ishami rya Myanmar ry’inkware n’icyuho cy’ibitunguru
Inganda z'inkoko zo muri Miyanimari zakunze kwibanda ku nkoko z'inkoko zo mu bwoko bwa broiler n'inkoko zo mu bwoko bwa lager, nyamara ubworozi bw'inkware - cyane cyane inkware zo mu Buyapani (Coturnix japonica) zororerwa mu gutanga amagi - bwagaragaye nk'ahantu hakura vuba. Amakuru ya leta yakusanyijwe n'ishami rishinzwe ubworozi n'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo agaragaza ko umubare w'inkware zo mu gihugu warenze miliyoni 8 mu 2025, aho akarere ka Bago, akarere ka Yangon, na Sagaing ari byo bifite amatungo arenga 60%. Ibikorwa byinshi bigizwe n'amakoperative cyangwa amashyirahamwe ashinzwe ubucuruzi bw'amasezerano ahuza amasoko y'ibiryo by'amatungo, serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo, no kubona isoko ku bahinzi bato ku giti cyabo.
Nubwo iri terambere rikomeje kwiyongera, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ibiryo biratinda. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubworozi muri Miyanimari bwagaragaje ko hafi 70% by’abakora amagi y’inkware bagitanga indyo y’amata, ugereranyije na 30% bakoresheje ibinyamisogwe cyangwa uduce duto. Impamvu zabyo zari iz’ubukungu - inganda zikora amata y’inkware zikoresha amafaranga menshi - ndetse n’icyuho cy’ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’inyungu z’umusaruro guteka amata y’inkware bishobora gutanga ku nyoni nto kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’imikorere y’umubiri nk’inkware.
2. Aho Koperative itangiriye imirimo yayo
Iyi koperative ikorera mu karere ka Yangon, iherereye ku birometero 90 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Yangon mu karere ka Bago, ikora ku bunini bw'inkware zigera ku 60.000 zishyirwa mu mazu atandatu afunguye afite umwuka wo guhumeka. Mbere yo kuvugurura ibikoresho, iyi koperative yashatse ifu y'ibigori na soya mu ruganda rw'ubucuruzi ruri hafi aho, bayivanga n'umuceri n'ikarande byaguzwe mu gace, bayitanga nk'ifu yumye.
Ibipimo by'ibanze byakusanyijwe mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu mbere yo kuvugurura byagaragaje ibi bikurikira:
Igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo (FCR): Ibiryo 2.85 kg kuri kilo y'amagi akorwa (impuzandengo y'uburemere mu biraro bitandatu). Ifunguro rya buri munsi ku nyoni: 26.5 g, hamwe n'ivumbi rishobora kwangirika no gutakaza ivumbi ryaba 8-10% hagati y'aho bavanga n'aho bagaburira. Umusaruro w'amagi y'inkoko: 82.3% (impuzandengo mu biraro; ikiraro cyiza cyane kuri 85.1%, gito cyane kuri 78.6%). Impfu: 1.9% kuri buri minsi 28 yo gukora, hamwe n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bitera igice kinini cy'imbwa zicibwa.
Ubuyobozi bw’amakoperative bwagaragaje ibintu bitatu bibabaza: gupfusha ubusa ibiryo cyane aho byagenewe kugaburira, kurya intungamubiri zidahagije kubera ko inyoni zatoraguraga uduce duto hanyuma zigasiga ifu nziza, hamwe no gushyuha kw’ubuhumekero guterwa n’umukungugu rimwe na rimwe mu gihe cy’izuba (Ugushyingo-Gashyantare).
3. Inzira yo gufata ibyemezo
Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibitekerezo by’abatanga ibikoresho batatu, koperative yahisemo uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM rukora toni 3-5 ku isaha - igipimo gihuye n’umusaruro w’iyi koperative, rufite toni zigera kuri 3.2 ku munsi. Umwanzuro wafashwe ushingiye ku bintu byinshi:
1. Ahantu ho gushakira amakuru mu gace. Hongyang yari yashyizeho ishami rya HYPM mu ruganda rutunganya ibiryo rw’inganda ruri i Yangon amezi 14 mbere yaho; abahagarariye amakoperative basuye aho hantu kandi bibonera imikorere ihamye.
2. Ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo bwo gushushanya icyuma gikozwe mu mpande. Ibiryo by'inkware bisaba umurambararo wa pellet uri hagati ya mm 1.5 na mm 2.5 - muto cyane ugereranije n'udupira twa mm 3-5 dukoreshwa mu gushushanya inkoko n'ibice by'inka. Itsinda ry'abahanga rya Hongyang ryatanze icyuma gikozwe mu mpande gifite umurambararo w'umwobo ukwiye, igipimo cyo gukanda, n'ubuhanga mu by'icyuma.
3. Ahantu ho kuba hafi nyuma yo kugurisha. Umutekinisiye wahuguwe muri Hongyang ukorera i Yangon yashoboye kugenzura uko ibintu bishyirwa no gukora ikizamini cya mbere cyo kubungabunga aho hantu.
4. Ubuhanga mu by'inguge mu gutunganya ibyuma by'inkware
Indabyo y'impeta ihagarariye umutima w'uruganda urwo arirwo rwose rwa pellet, kandi ibipimo byayo bigena mu buryo butaziguye ubwiza bwa pellet, igipimo cy'umusaruro, n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri toni. Kuri ubu buryo bwo kugaburira inkware, Hongyang yatanze indabyo y'impeta ikurikije ibi bikurikira:
Ibikoresho bya Die: 20CrMnTi alloy cryst, yahinduwe karburi na vacuum-zimye. Ubukana bw'ubuso: HRC 58-62. Umurambararo w'umwobo: 2.0 mm. Igipimo cyo gukanda neza (L/D): 1:8.5. Ubugari bw'umwobo: 140 mm. Imiterere yo gukamura: Injira ifite uburebure buto hamwe n'inyuma y'umurambararo, ifite ibyiciro bitatu. Nyuma yo gutunganya: Gukamura mu byiciro byinshi kugeza kuri Ra - 0.8 µm ubukana bw'umwobo w'imbere.
Impamvu aya mahitamo ari ingenzi. Igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:8.5 ni ingenzi ku buryo bwo kwirinda gukurura ingano nyinshi (fiber crude - 4.2%) kugira ngo hirindwe gukururana gukabije no gutanga ubushyuhe, bishobora kwangiza vitamine zishyushye na aside amine zikoze mu nganda. Ifu ya 20CrMnTi ifite icyuma gifunga uruhu itanga urwego rw'ubuso rwa martensitic rudashira kandi rudahindagurika mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe busanzwe mu bikorwa bya buri munsi byo gutangira. Uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko w'inyuma mu gusohoka kw'inkoko, bugabanya ingufu runaka zikoreshwa mu gihe bukomeza ubuziranenge bwa pellet. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure bw'inkoko bugengwa na ± 0.05 mm, butuma buri mwobo wose urenga 1.400 utanga pellets mu gice gito - ikintu cy'ingenzi iyo ugaburira inyoni ifite ubugari bwa milimetero nke gusa.
5. Kuzamuka k'umusaruro no kunoza imikorere
Gushyiramo byarangiye mu gihe cy'iminsi itanu mu gihe cyo guhagarika gukora byari biteganyijwe. Uruganda rwa pellet rwahujwe inyuma y'icyuma gisanzwe givanga riboni n'icyuma gikonjesha gikomeza gukoreshwa, rukora umurongo uhoraho wo gukusanya riboni. Ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha bwahagaze kuri 78-82°C, igihe cyo guturamo kikaba amasegonda 45-50, hakoreshejwe umwuka wuzuye wuzuye kuri bar 2.5 - ibipimo byagezweho binyuze muri gahunda yo gushyiraho ibikoresho yasabaga ko habaho ivugurura ryihuta mu byiciro 14.
Koperative yahinduye amatungo yose atandatu ijya ku byo kurya byashyizwe mu mashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu kugira ngo inyoni zishobore kumenyera buhoro buhoro. Amakuru yavuye mu mpinduka yakusanyijwe kuva mu kwezi kwa kane kugeza mu kwezi kwa 12, ubwo sisitemu yari imaze kugera ku rwego ruhamye kandi amatsinda y'inyoni amaze kumenyera neza:
FCR (ibiro by'inkoko / kg y'amagi): 2.85 mbere yo kongera ingufu ugereranije na 2.47 nyuma yo kongera ingufu, igabanuka rya 13.3%. Ibiryo bya buri munsi (g/inyoni): 26.5 mbere yo kongera ingufu ugereranije na 24.8 nyuma yo kongera ingufu, igabanuka rya 6.4%. Gutakaza ibiryo (% by'ibiryo byatanzwe): 8-10% mbere yo kongera ingufu ugereranije na munsi ya 2% nyuma yo kongera ingufu, igabanuka rya hafi rya 80%. Umusaruro w'amagi y'inkoko: 82.3% mbere yo kongera ingufu ugereranije na 86.9% nyuma yo kongera ingufu, izamuka rya 4.6 ku ijana. Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibishyimbo (PDI): 96.8% nyuma yo kongera ingufu (ntibikurikizwa mbere yo kongera ingufu). Ubukana bw'ibishyimbo: 1.2-1.5 kg nyuma yo kongera ingufu (ntibikoreshwa mbere yo kongera ingufu). Impfu kuri buri ruziga: 1.9% mbere yo kongera ingufu ugereranije na 1.3% nyuma yo kongera ingufu, igabanuka rya 0.6 ku ijana. Amashanyarazi: 14.8 kWh/toni pellet nyuma yo kuvugurura (ntibikurikizwa mbere yo kuvugurura).
Agaciro ka PDI ka 96.8%, gapimwe buri gihembwe hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya Holmen, kerekana ubuziranenge bukomeye bw'ibice by'amazi binyuze mu gutwara, kubika ibigega by'amazi, no gukwirakwiza ibigega by'amazi. Igice cy'ibice by'amazi - ibikoresho binyura mu kayunguruzo ka mm 1.0 - byagumye biri munsi ya 1.5% by'umusaruro wose, abakozi b'amakoperative bavuze ko ari ukubera imiterere y'umwobo umwe n'ubuso bw'imbere bw'uruziga rwa Hongyang bupfa.
6. Ingaruka zigaragara kuri Koperative
Uretse inyungu zabonetse mu mibare, impinduka nyinshi mu mikorere zagaragaye mu gihe cyo gusura abagenzuzi n'ibiganiro by'abahinzi byakozwe nyuma yo kuvugurura ubuhinzi:
Uburyo bwo kugaburira bungana. Ingano y'ibiryo byo guhitamo - inyoni zikubitagura ibiryo kugira ngo zibone uduce dukunda - byagabanutse cyane. Kubera ko uduce duto tuba dufite ibice byose by'imirire muri buri gice, buri gace gatanga urugero rwuzuye rw'imirire.
Ubuzima bw'ubuhumekero. Ivumbi ryapimwe mu mazu y'ubuhumekero ryagabanutse kuva kuri 2.8 mg/m³ rigera kuri 0.7 mg/m³ mu gihe cy'izuba, bihurirana no kugabanuka kw'ivumbi rishingiye ku guhumeka kuva kuri 0.7% kugeza kuri 0.3% kuri buri gihembwe.
Ubwiza bw'igi ry'amagi. Amagi yo mu matungo yagaburiwe mu mashashi yagaragaje ubugari bw'igi ry'amashashi bwa 0.196 mm ugereranyije na 0.183 mm mu gihe cyo kuyasya, iyi ni intambwe impuguke mu by'imirire muri koperative yavuze ko iterwa no kuba calcium na fosifore bihari cyane mu matrix ya pellet aho uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro tuba dufatanye aho kuba mu mazi.
Icyizere cy'umukoresha. Uruganda rwa pellet rwakomeje gukora iminsi 22-23 mu minsi 28, igihe cyagenwe cyo kuruhuka kikaba cyaragenwe mu kugenzura icyuma no gusiga amavuta buri gihe. Nta guhagarara guteganijwe kwatewe n'icyuma cya pellet cyangwa icyuma cya ring die byagaragaye mu gihe cy'amezi 9 yo gusuzuma.
7. Gahunda y'Ubuziranenge ya Hongyang
Imikorere yagaragaye muri iyi koperative ya Bago igaragaza ubwoko bw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya Hongyang:
Uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bikurikiranwa. Buri mpande idafite ikintu ihabwa inomero y'ubushyuhe ijyanye n'icyemezo cy'umwimerere cy'uruganda rw'icyuma, ikandika imiterere ya shimi n'imiterere ya mekanike mbere yo gutangira gukora.
Uburyo bwo kuzimya imashini. Gutunganya ubushyuhe bikorwa mu itanura rikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini nyinshi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho uburyo bwo guhindura imashini ikoresha ... ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibipimo ku duce twinshi. Ubugari bw'umwobo, ubugari, n'imiterere y'ibipimo bigenzurwa hakoreshejwe imashini zipima (CMM) mu byiciro bitatu: nyuma yo gucukura imbunda, nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, na nyuma yo gusiga irangi rya nyuma. Ibyuma bigwa hanze y'uburemere bwa ± 0.05 mm biranze mbere yo koherezwa.
Gutangira kohereza. Buri ruganda rwa HYPM pellet rukorerwa isuzuma ry’uko nta mashini ikoresha, ndetse n’isuzuma ry’igihe gito rigashyirwa mu ruganda mbere yo gukurura, kugira ngo harebwe ko aho icyuma gihagarara, ubushyuhe n’ingufu binyura, bihuye n’ibipimo byagenwe.
Ibi si ibirego byo kwamamaza; ni inzira zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’imashini umuguzi ashobora kugenzura mu gihe cy’igenzura ry’uruganda - uburyo koperative iteganya gukoresha mu gihe izaba yagutse ikagera ku murongo wa kabiri w’umusaruro.
8. Incamake
Ubunararibonye bwa koperative ya Bago bugaragaza ko guhindura ifunguro ry’inkware kuva ku ifu y’inkware kugeza ku ifu y’inkware, hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byagenwe neza byo guteka n’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa ring die cyakorewe mu ikoreshwa, bishobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza mu guhindura ibiryo by’inkware mu buryo bubiri, mu gihe bigabanya imyanda, bigakomeza ubuzima bw’inkware, kandi bikongera umusaruro w’amagi. Uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM rukora ring die pellet, rufatanyije n’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 20CrMnTi cyubatswe ku buryo buhamye kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo gukanda, rwatanze umusaruro wizewe mu mezi icyenda y’ubucuruzi buhoraho - nta guhagarara na gato ku murongo w’inkware utegerejwe. Ku rwego rw’inkware rurimo gukura muri Myanmar, aho inyungu zishingiye ku giciro cy’ibiryo ndetse n’igiciro cy’amagi, ubu bwoko bw’ishoramari ry’ibikoresho bigamije gutanga inzira ifatika yo kugera ku bukungu bwiza.
Inkomoko y'amakuru: Inyandiko z'umusaruro w'amakoperative (Mutarama 2025 - Werurwe 2026), raporo z'isesengura ry'udukoko twa pellets buri gihembwe, ibarura ry'amatungo n'ishami ry'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo mu ishami ry'ubworozi (2025), ubushakashatsi ku biryo by'amatungo bya Myanmar (2024). Amafoto n'inyandiko zo gusura aho hantu biraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-09-2026
