Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bitunganya ibiryo, muri byo ibikoresho by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gusya ibiryo ni imashini zitunganya inyundo, imashini zivangavanga, n'imashini zitunganya pellet. Muri iki gihe, abakora ibikoresho byinshi bagura ibikoresho bigezweho, ariko bitewe n'imikorere mibi n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho, akenshi habaho kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa neza ingamba zo gukoresha ibikoresho n'abakora ibikoresho ntibishobora kwirengagizwa.
1. Uruganda rw'inyundo
Uruganda rwa Hammer muri rusange rufite ubwoko bubiri: buhagaze n'ubutambitse. Ibice by'ingenzi by'uru ruganda rwa hammer ni utwuma twa nyundo n'utw'ikirahure. Utwuma twa hammer tugomba kuramba, tudashira, kandi dufite ubukana runaka, dutondetse neza kugira ngo tudatera guhindagurika kw'ibikoresho.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha uruganda rukora inyundo:
1) Mbere yo gutangira imashini, reba niba ibice byose biyihuza n'ibiyihuza bifite amavuta. Koresha imashini irimo ubusa mu gihe cy'iminota 2-3, tangira kuyigaburira nyuma y'imikorere isanzwe, hagarika kuyigaburira nyuma y'uko akazi karangiye, hanyuma uyikoreshe mu gihe cy'iminota 2-3. Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho byose biri muri imashini bishizemo amazi, zimya moteri.
2) Inyundo igomba guhita ihindurwa igakoreshwa iyo yambitswe hagati. Iyo impande zose enye zambitswe hagati, hagomba gusimburwa icyuma gishya cy'inyundo. Icyitonderwa: Mu gihe cyo gusimbuza, gahunda y'ibanze ntigomba guhinduka, kandi itandukaniro ry'uburemere hagati ya buri tsinda ry'ibice by'inyundo ntirigomba kurenza garama 5, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buringanire bwa rotor.
3) Sisitemu y'umuyoboro w'umwuka w'uruganda rw'inyundo ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere yo gusya no kugabanya ivumbi, kandi igomba guhuzwa n'icyuma gikusanya ivumbi gifite imikorere myiza. Nyuma ya buri gikorwa, sukura imbere n'inyuma by'icyuma gikusanya ivumbi kugira ngo ukureho ivumbi, kandi ugenzure buri gihe, usukure, usukure, kandi ushyire amavuta ku mapine.
4) Ibikoresho ntibigomba kuvangwa n'ibyuma, amabuye yashenywe, n'indi myanda. Niba urusaku rudasanzwe rwumvikana mu gihe cy'akazi, hagarika imashini ku gihe kugira ngo igenzurwe kandi ikemurwe ibibazo.
5) Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'ingano y'ibikoresho byo kugaburira ku mpera yo hejuru y'uruganda rw'inyundo bigomba guhindurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose hakurikijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo hirindwe gufunga no kongera ingano y'ibikoresho byo kunyunyuza.
2. Imashini ivanga (ikoresha imashini ivanga nk'urugero)
Imashini ivanga imigozi ibiri igizwe n'agasanduku, rotor, igipfundikizo, imiterere y'imashini isohora amazi, igikoresho cyo kohereza amazi, nibindi. Hari rotor ebyiri kuri mashini zifite icyerekezo gitandukanye cyo kuzenguruka. Rotor igizwe n'umugozi mukuru, umugozi w'icyuma, n'icyuma. Umugozi w'icyuma uhurira n'umugozi mukuru, kandi icyuma gihuzwa n'umugozi w'icyuma ku nguni yihariye. Ku ruhande rumwe, icyuma gifite ibikoresho by'inyamaswa kizenguruka ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'aho mashini ikorera kikerekeza ku rundi ruhande, bigatuma ibikoresho by'inyamaswa bihinduka kandi bigacana, bigatuma bivanga vuba kandi neza.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha imvange:
1) Nyuma yuko umugozi mukuru uzunguruka nk'uko bisanzwe, ibikoresho bigomba kongerwamo. Inyongera zigomba kongerwamo nyuma yuko kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byinjiriye mu isanduku, kandi amavuta agomba gushyirwamo nyuma yuko ibikoresho byose byumye byinjiriye mu mashini. Nyuma yo gutera no kuvanga igihe runaka, ibikoresho bishobora gusohoka;
2) Iyo imashini ihagaritswe kandi idakoreshwa, nta mavuta agomba kuguma mu muyoboro wongeramo amavuta kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba umuyoboro nyuma yo gukomera;
3) Mu kuvanga ibikoresho, imyanda y'icyuma ntigomba kuvangwa, kuko ishobora kwangiza ibyuma bya rotor;
4) Iyo habayeho kuzimya mu gihe cyo gukoresha, ibikoresho biri muri mashini bigomba gusohoka mbere yo gutangiza moteri;
5) Iyo hari ikintu cyose cyavuye mu muryango usohoka, hagomba kugenzurwa aho umuryango usohoka n'aho ufunga icyuma gifunga icyuma gifunga icyuma, urugero niba umuryango usohoka udafunze neza; Aho icyuma gicanira icyuma gicanira icyuma giherereye hagomba guhindurwa, aho icyuma gicanira icyuma kiri hasi ku muryango w'ibikoresho bigomba guhindurwa, cyangwa aho icyuma gifunga icyuma kigasimburwa.
3. Imashini ikora pellet y'impeta
Imashini ikora pellet ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'inganda zitandukanye zitunganya ibiryo, kandi ishobora no kuvugwa ko ari yo shingiro ry'uruganda rutunganya ibiryo. Gukoresha neza imashini ikora pellet bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'umusaruro urangiye.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha imashini ikoresha pellet:
1) Mu gihe cyo gukora, iyo ibikoresho byinshi byinjira mu mashini ya pellet, bigatera kwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gusohora amazi hakoreshejwe intoki kugira ngo amazi asohoke hanze.
2) Mu gufungura urugi rw'imashini ikoresha pellet, umuriro ugomba kubanza gucibwa, kandi urugi rushobora gufungurwa gusa iyo imashini ikoresha pellet ihagaritse burundu gukora.
3) Mu gihe wongera gutangiza imashini ya pellet, ni ngombwa kuzungurutsa intoki impeta y'imashini ya pellet (izungurutse rimwe) mbere yo gutangira imashini ya pellet.
4) Iyo imashini ikoze nabi, amashanyarazi agomba gufungwa kandi imashini igomba gufungwa kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo. Birabujijwe gukoresha amaboko, ibirenge, inkoni z'ibiti, cyangwa ibikoresho by'icyuma mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha; Birabujijwe cyane gutangira moteri ku ngufu.
5) Mu gihe ukoresha agakoresho gashya k'impeta ku nshuro ya mbere, ugomba gukoresha agakoresho gashya k'impeta. Amavuta ashobora kuvangwa n'umucanga muto (byose binyura mu kayunguruzo ka mesh ka 40-20, hamwe n'igipimo cy'ibikoresho: amavuta: umucanga kingana na 6:2:1 cyangwa 6:1:1) kugira ngo woze agakoresho k'impeta mu gihe cy'iminota 10 kugeza kuri 20, kandi gashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa bisanzwe.
6) Gufasha abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga no kugenzura no kongeramo lisansi ku mapine y'ingenzi rimwe mu mwaka.
7) Gufasha abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibintu mu guhindura amavuta yo kwisiga mu gikoresho cy’imashini ikoresha pellet inshuro 1-2 mu mwaka.
8) Sukura silinda ya rukuruzi ihoraho nibura rimwe mu gihe cyose umuntu akoresha imashini.
9) Umuvuduko w'umwuka winjira mu ikoti ritanga umwuka ntugomba kurenga 1kgf/cm2.
10) Ingano y'umuvuduko w'umwuka winjira muri conditioner ni 2-4kgf/cm2 (muri rusange nibura 2.5 kgf/cm2 niyo isabwa).
11) Siga amavuta kuri pressure roller inshuro 2-3 kuri buri simburana.
12) Sukura icyuma gitanga ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bitanga umwuka inshuro 2-4 mu cyumweru (rimwe ku munsi mu mpeshyi).
13) Intera iri hagati y'icyuma gikata n'icyuma gifunga muri rusange ntabwo iri munsi ya mm 3.
14) Mu gihe cy’ikorwa risanzwe, birabujijwe cyane gukoresha moteri nini cyane iyo umuvuduko wayo urenze umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi.
Amakuru yo guhamagara ku bufasha bwa tekinikiBruce
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E-mail：hongyangringdie@outlook.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2023
