Mu nganda zigezweho zitunganya ibiryo, umurongo w’ikorwa ry’ibiryo by’amacupa ugaragaza ingenzi y’imikorere yose yo gutunganya ibiryo. Iyo habayeho amakosa mu bikoresho, ntabwo abangamira gusa intambwe yo gusya ibiryo ahubwo asubira inyuma mu gusya no kuvanga, hanyuma agakomeza gukonjesha no gupakira. Igiciro cy’igihe kitateganijwe cyo kubura umusaruro mu ruganda ruciriritse cyangwa runini rushobora kurenza ibihumbi by’amadolari ku isaha iyo habayeho kubura umusaruro, gutinda kw’abakozi, no gutinda gutanga. Iyi nkuru isuzuma amakosa akunze kugaragara mu mishinga yo gutunganya ibiryo by’amacupa, igasesengura impamvu zabyo, kandi igatanga ibisubizo bihamye bishingiye ku mahame y’ubuhanga mu by’imashini n’uburambe mu kazi. Intego si uguteza imbere ikirango icyo ari cyo cyose ahubwo ni uguha abakora ibiryo uburyo bwo gusuzuma bushobora gukorwa bugabanya igihe cyo gusana no kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho muri rusange.
Kuziba kw'ibice n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibikoresho bitangana
Kumenya ibimenyetso
Abakoresha bakunze kubona ko umuriro ufunganye binyuze mu bimenyetso bitatu: kwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kugabanuka gukomeye k'umuvuduko wa pellet ku gice cyo gusohora amazi, n'impinduka zumvikana mu ijwi ry'imikorere y'uruganda rwa pellet - akenshi ruvugwa nk'urusaku rwo "gusya". Mu bihe bikomeye, agapira ko gukata gashobora gucika, bigatera kuzimya mu buryo bwikora.
Isesengura ry'Impamvu nyamukuru
Gufunga icyuma gifunga icyuma gake biva ku kintu kimwe. Iperereza ryo mu murima rikorerwa ahantu henshi hakorerwa umusaruro rigaragaza imiterere ihuriweho: imikoranire iri hagati y’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho n’imiterere y’icyuma gifunga icyuma. Iyo icyuma gifunga icyuma kidashoboye kugera ku bushyuhe bwa 15-17% n’ubushyuhe bwa 80-85°C, ibiryo by’ifu bijya mu cyuma nta pulasitiki ihagije. Hanyuma ibikoresho bihuzwa mu mwobo w’icyuma, bigatuma habaho ahantu hanini ho gukanda cyane, bigatuma igice cy’icyuma gifunga icyuma kigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Igice cya kabiri cy’inyongera ni ukwirundanya kw’ibice by’icyuma mu myobo y’urumuri. Nubwo haba hari ibikoresho bitandukanya amashanyarazi bya magnetike bishyizwe hejuru y’uruziga, uduce twa ferrous duto-milimetero dushobora kwinjira mu nkuta z’imyobo y’urumuri, bikongera ingano y’ibice by’urumuri ku kigero cya 15–30% mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byinshi.
Igisubizo gishingiye ku buryo buhamye
Uburyo bwo gukosora bukurikiza gahunda y’ibice bitatu:
Hagarika uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibiryo, hindura uruvange rw'imbuto z'amavuta (ubusanzwe 5-8% by'amavuta) hanyuma ukoreshe urusyo ku muvuduko muto mu gihe cy'iminota 3-5. Amavuta akora nk'amavuta, agenda asohora ibintu byacitse mu myobo. Ubu buryo bugarura hafi70% by'abapfuye bafunzwehatabayeho gukenera gukuraho urushinge.
Niba Icyiciro cya 1 cyananiwe, kuraho igice cy’icyuma giteranya icyuma hanyuma urebe buri murongo w’umwobo ukoresheje urumuri ruhagije. Koresha imbunda yo gusukura ifite inshinge zikomeye zihuye n’umurambararo w’umwobo w’icyuma. Ntukigere ukoresha ibikoresho binini byo gusukura, kuko byongera umwobo w’icyuma kandi bigahindura burundu igipimo cyo gukanda.
Suzuma amasaha 48 ya nyuma y'inyandiko z'umusaruro. Hindura umuvuduko w'umwuka kugira ngo ukomeze kubaho nezaUmwanya wa 2.0–2.5ku gikoresho cyo koroshya. Genzura ko umuvuduko w’ibiryo uzamuka utuma icyuma kigera ku bushyuhe bungana mbere yuko gitangira kugaburira umubiri wose - igihe cyo gushyushya iminota 3-5 ku gipimo cya 50% cy’ibiryo bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kuziba kw’ibiryo mu gihe cy’ubukonje.
Ubwiza bwa Pellet budahindagurika kandi nta burambe burimo
Kumenya ibimenyetso
Ubudasa bw'ubwiza bugaragara nk'udupira dufite uburebure butandukanye (aho twihanganira ± 10% by'ubworoherane), amande menshi mu gikoresho gikonjesha (kirenza 3% ukurikije uburemere), n'igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bwa pellet kigabanuka munsi y'igipimo cy'inganda.95% ku biryo by'inkoko z'inka or 97% ku biryo by'amazi.
Isesengura ry'Impamvu nyamukuru
Igipimo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’uturemangingo kigengwa n’ibintu bitatu bifitanye isano: igipimo cyo gukanda kw’uturemangingo, ingano y’uturemangingo tw’ubutaka, n’imikorere y’udusimba mu bihe runaka. Isuzuma ribi rikunze kugaragara ni uko ubudahangarwa budakomeye buterwa gusa no kwangirika kw’uturemangingo. Nubwo kwangirika kw’uturemangingo ari ikintu gikunze kugaragara - udusimba dukora kurenza toni 50.000–60.000 z’umuvuduko w’uturemangingo akenshi bigaragaza ko hari umwobo ugaragara - ikintu gikunze kugaragara ni ingano y’uturemangingo idahuye kuva ku rwego rwo gusya. Iyo uruganda rw’inyundo rukora ingano nini y’uturemangingo ifite ubusumbane burenze 2.0, uduce duto twuzuza imyanya iri hagati y’uturemangingo tunini mu mwobo w’uturemangingo, bigatuma habaho imiterere idakomeye yo gukata uturemangingo mu dusimba duto.
Igisubizo gishingiye ku buryo buhamye
Urukurikirane rw'isuzuma rugomba gutangirira hejuru:
Kusanya ingero aho usuka amazi buri masaha abiri kugira ngo ukore akazi kose. Koresha icyuma gishyushya urushinge cya Ro-Tap gifite urushinge rwa mikoroni 300, 500, 1000, na 2000. D50 igamije kugaburira inyama z'inka zisanzwe nimikoroni 600–700hamwe n'itandukaniro risanzwe rya geometrike riri munsi ya 1.8. Niba itandukaniro rirenze uyu mubare, genzura imiterere y'icyuma gisya inyundo n'aho inyundo iherereye.
Pima itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'aho umwuka winjirira n'aho usohoka. Igitonyanga kirenze 5°C hagati y'aho umwuka winjirira n'aho umwuka winjirira bigaragaza ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka binyuze mu mwobo w'umwuka - akenshi biterwa no kudashyiramo umwuka neza cyangwa kwegerana kw'amazi mu murongo w'umwuka. Shyira umutego w'umwuka mu metero 3 uvuye aho umwuka winjirira kandi urebe neza imikorere yawo buri cyumweru.
Emeza ko igipimo cyo gukanda kw'inkoko (uburebure bw'umwobo bugabanijwemo umurambararo w'umwobo) gihuye n'uburyo bwo kubyaza. Ku nyamaswa zisanzwe zokeje inyama zifite ubushuhe bwa 12–14% nyuma yo kuzibyaza, igipimo cyo gukanda cy'inkokoKuva 1:8 kugeza 1:10birakwiye. Ku biryo by'amatungo bifite fibre nyinshi, ikigereranyo cya1:10 kugeza 1:12bitanga kuramba kurushaho.
Igabanuka ry'umusaruro nta kimenyetso cy'ikosa kigaragara
Kumenya ibimenyetso
Iki ni cyo kibazo cy’umusaruro kigaragara cyane: uruganda rukora pellet rukomeje gukora nta nkomyi cyangwa amakosa agaragara, ariko umusaruro ugaragara ugenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro10–20%mu byumweru byinshi. Abashinzwe gutunganya umusaruro bakunze kwemera ibi nk' "ingufu zisanzwe" kandi bakishyura igihe cyo gukora, ibyo bikaba bihisha ikibazo nyamukuru kandi bikongera ikiguzi cy'ingufu.
Isesengura ry'Impamvu nyamukuru
Kugabanuka buhoro buhoro k'umusaruro akenshi bigaragarira mu bintu bitatu:
Uko ibikonoshwa by'ibirori bigenda bishira, inguni iri hagati y'ibirori n'ibirori irahinduka. Ibirori byashaje bifite umurambararo muto wo hanze bisaba kuzunguruka cyane kugira ngo bikandagire ingano imwe y'ibikoresho. Birasabwa gusimbuza iyo umurambararo wo hanze ugabanutseho ibirenzemm 3uhereye ku bisobanuro by'umwimerere.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha no guhumeka ivumbi ryiyongera ku nsinga z'abafana, ku buso buhindura ubushyuhe, no ku nkuta z'inkubi y'umuyaga. Urukuta rw'umukungugu rwa mm 5 ku cyuma gishyushya umufana gishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'umwuka binyuze mu8–12%, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
Ubwinshi bw'ibipimo bya boiler bifite ubugari bwa mm 1 gusa bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe ku rugero rungana na10%Ibi bivuze ko umwuka ugera kuri conditioner utwara ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ubushyuhe buke bugaragara, bigabanura buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha nubwo aho icyuma cy'umwuka giherereye hatahinduka.
Igisubizo gishingiye ku buryo buhamye
Shyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ibiza ikurikije uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara, hamwe n'ingingo z'ingenzi zituma ibintu bitangira:
Andika umurambararo w'inyuma w'imashini kuri buri mpinduka. Kora urutonde rw'ingufu zigenda zishira (mm kuri toni 1.000) hanyuma utegure igihe umurongo w'ingufu ugiye kugera ku mupaka wa 3mm mu gihe giteganijwe cyo kubungabunga - ntabwo ari nyuma yuko zirenze.
Shyiraho gahunda yo gusukura buri gihembwe ku bice byose bikoresha umwuka. Nyuma yo gusukura, pima kandi wandike itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko uhoraho mu gikoresho gikonjesha igihe cyuzuye.Inyongera ya 15%uhereye ku isuzuma ry’ibanze ry’isuku rituma habaho igenzura ritari mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri.
Shyiramo sensor y'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka (igice cyo gupima ubushyuhe bw'umutsi) ku gice cyo kuruhukiramo. Iyo igice cyo kuruhukira cy'umutsi kimanuka munsi yacyo0.92, tangira gusohora boiler hanyuma urebe imitego y'umwuka ku murongo w'amazi. Andika isano iri hagati y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi akoreshwa na boiler n'ubwiza bw'umwuka aho ikoreshwa - aya makuru atuma habaho kubungabunga mbere y'igihe aho kuba uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo.
Ingendo zo mu bwoko bwa "bearing" no kunanirwa gusiga amavuta
Kumenya ibimenyetso
Ibyuma by'ingenzi bya pellet mill shaft bearings bikorera ahantu hahujwe n'imizigo myinshi ya radial (ubusanzwe200–400 kNku mashini ifite ubushyuhe bwa 30–40 tph), ubushyuhe buri hejuru (40–60°C hafi y'aho amazi anyura), no guhora uhura n'umukungugu muto. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru y'aho75°Ccyangwa igipimo cyo kuzamuka kirenze2°C ku munotabisaba iperereza ryihuse.
Isesengura ry'Impamvu nyamukuru
Kunanirwa kw'ibice by'amazi mu nganda za pellets bikurikiza uburyo buzwi. Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kunanirwa si ukugabanya umunaniro - byakwitezwe bitewe n'imiterere y'umutwaro - ahubwo ni ukwanduza amavuta no kwiyicisha inzara nyuma yaho. Uduce tw'umukungugu w'ibiryo turi hagati ya mikoroni 5-20 tuba duto bihagije kugira ngo twinjire mu byuma bifunga by'amazi ariko tunini bihagije kugira ngo dukureho inzira z'ibice by'amazi. Iyo amavuta yanduye, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere y'ibice by'amazi buriyongera, bikihutisha oxidation y'amavuta, bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta - uruziga rwo kwiyubaka.
Igisubizo gishingiye ku buryo buhamye
Igisubizo gihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga n'icyitegererezo cy'imikorere:
Gushyiramo ibyuma binini bifite sisitemu yo kwisiga ikora yikora itanga ingano ya lisansi igenwe mu gihe runaka. Sisitemu igomba gutanga hafi0.5–1.0 cm³ y'amavuta kuri buri gikoresho mu isaha imwemu gihe cy'imikorere ihoraho, hamwe n'igipimo nyacyo gipimwa hakurikijwe ingano y'ubwikorezi n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere.
Shyiramo ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe bifite ubushobozi bwo kwandika amakuru. Shyiraho ingano z'ibirango kuri70°C (umuburo)na80°C (guhagarika uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru bwikora).Sesengura amakuru y’uko ubushyuhe buhagaze buri cyumweru — kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kwa 0.5°C buri cyumweru mu byumweru bitandatu ni ikimenyetso cyizewe cy’uko ubushyuhe bugiye gutsindwa kurusha uko byagaragaye mu isuzuma rimwe gusa ry’ubushyuhe.
Koresha amavuta ya litiyumu-complex afite aho agwa nibura260°Cn'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta y'ibanze ya220–460 cSt kuri 40°CAmavuta agomba kandi gutsinda ikizamini cya ASTM D4048 cy'umuringa ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bw'imikorere y'icyuma.
Umwanzuro
Gukemura ibibazo ku murongo wa pellet neza bisaba kurenga uburyo bwo "gukosora iyo byangiritse" bugana ku buryo bwo gusuzuma ibibazo. Ibyiciro bine by'amakosa byaganiriweho - kuziba kw'ibice, kudahuza kw'ubwiza, kugabanuka k'umusaruro, no kunanirwa k'ubwikorezi - bigizwe n'ibice bigera kuri 20.80% by'igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwemu bikorwa bisanzwe byo gukora ibiryo by'amatungo.
Ingingo ihuriweho mu bisubizo byose ni uguhuza ibipimo, inyandiko, n'isesengura ry'ibipimo mu mikorere ya buri munsi. Iyo abakora n'amatsinda yo kubungabunga bafite amakuru y'ibanze yapimwe n'ingingo zisobanutse neza zo gukemura ibibazo, igihe cyo gusana kigabanuka cyane, kandi ikiruta byose, amakosa menshi ashobora kwirindwa burundu binyuze mu kubungabunga bishingiye ku miterere y'ibintu.
Ku bakora ibiryo by’amatungo bashaka kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho, aho bahera si ibikoresho bishya ahubwo ni uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa no gucunga ibikoresho bisanzwe bihari. Amahame avugwa muri iyi ngingo arakurikizwa ku bicuruzwa bya pellet mill n’imiterere yabyo, kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo nta mafaranga asabwa uretse ibikoresho by’ibanze n’amahugurwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2026
