Impeta yubatswe ku cyizere kimwe ku kindi: Ubunararibonye bwa mbere bw'uruganda rw'ibiryo rwa Turukiya rukoresha impeta z'Abashinwa bwarapfuye

Incamake y'Ubuyobozi

Inganda za Turukiya zungutse toni miliyoni 30.7 mu 2025 - ubwiyongere bwa 4.8% buri mwaka - bituma iba imwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi bitanga ibiryo by'ibiribwa kandi irusha ibihugu byinshi bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi umusaruro wose. Nyamara inyuma y'iyi mibare itangaje hari ukuri guhoraho mu mikorere: Inganda zitunganya ibiryo muri Turukiya zagiye zishingikiriza cyane ku batanga ibikoresho by'i Burayi kugira ngo zikore ibikoresho byazo by'ingenzi cyane - ibikoresho byo kwambara n'ibyo gusohora. Ibirango nka CPM, Andritz, na Bühler byagiye byiganje ku isoko mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, bitanga ubuziranenge buhoraho ku giciro cyiza cy'i Burayi.

Iyi nkuru ivuga ku bunararibonye bw'uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by'inkoko ruciriritse mu karere ka Anatolia yo Hagati, mu ntangiriro za 2025, rwafashe icyemezo cyo gutumiza ibyuma bitanga impuzandengo n'ibyuma bitanga impuzandengo bivuye muri Hongyang Feed Machinery, uruganda rukorera i Liyang, Jiangsu, mu Bushinwa. Icyatangiye ari ugushidikanya ku buryo bwitondewe cyaje guhinduka ubufatanye bwemejwe n'amakuru. Inkuru ikurikiraho ishingiye ku nyandiko nyazo z'amasoko, inyandiko z'umusaruro, n'ibipimo by'ubuziranenge byakusanyijwe mu gihe cy'amezi cumi n'abiri y'isuzuma.

Uko ibintu bimeze: Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa by'i Burayi by'igiciro cyinshi, n'ibiciro biteganyijwe

Mbere ya 2025, uru ruganda — rwakoraga toni zigera ku 55.000 z'ibiryo by'inkoko buri mwaka byo korora inyama z'inkoko no kuzishyira mu byiciro — rwabonaga ibikoresho byose byo mu bwoko bwa ring dies na press roller bivuye ku ruganda ruzwi cyane rw'i Burayi rukora inyama z'inkoko. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe ku mwaka ku bikoresho byo kwangirika yari hagati ya 165.000 na 190.000 by'amayero, bitewe n'uburyo ifumbire ikoreshwa n'ingano y'umusaruro.

Ingufu z’i Burayi zakozwe neza: igipimo cy’ubudahangarwa bwa pellet (PDI) cyapimwe buri gihe hagati ya 90% na 93% ku nganda zisanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa "broiler formulations", umusaruro wagumanye hagati ya toni 8.5 na 9.2 ku isaha ku nganda za pellet za 250 kW, kandi buri mashini ikora neza yatangaga amasaha 800 kugeza ku 1.000 mbere yo gusimbuza. Nta kintu cyabaye cyaratumye hashakishwa ubundi buryo. Impamvu yari ikungahaye ku bukungu gusa - ikibazo cyatangiye kubazwa cyane: "Kuri izi ngano, hari uburyo buhendutse bwo kugera ku musaruro umwe?"

Ku ruganda rukora toni 55.000 buri mwaka, buri kugabanuka kwa 10% ku giciro cya toni imwe n'imwe bivamo amafaranga angana na 16.500 kugeza 19.000 by'amafaranga y'inganda buri mwaka. Mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu, umubare w'ibikoresho uba ukomeye cyane.

Ugushidikanya: Impungenge eshatu zari hafi kwica igitekerezo

Itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ryagaragaje impungenge eshatu z'ingenzi zagiye zibangamira ubushakashatsi ku bacuruzi b'Abashinwa mbere yuko butangira.

Impungenge ya 1: Ubudasa bw'ibyuma.Abacuruzi b’inganda bo mu Burayi bafite imyaka myinshi y’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho byanditse inyuma y’imashini zabo zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki—ubusanzwe ibyuma bya X46Cr13 bifite chromium icungwa neza (12.5-14.0%), amabwiriza ahamye yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho bivamo umwuka, hamwe n’ibipimo by’ubukana bwa HRC 52-55 nyuma yo kuzimya. Itsinda ntiryari rizi niba uruganda rw’Abashinwa rushobora guhuza ibi bipimo ku bipimo.

Icyibazo cya 2: Ubuziranenge bwa Geometri y'Umwobo.Imikorere y'icyuma gifunga ishingiye cyane ku buryo bwo gucukura imyobo neza - cyane cyane imiterere y'umurambararo w'imyobo, uburebure bw'igisenge gifunga, inguni yo kugabanya, n'igipimo cyo gukanda (L/D) mu myobo ibihumbi kuri icyuma kimwe. Ndetse no kunyuranaho guto bitera urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho rutangana, ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, no kwangirika vuba. Itsinda ryari ryarabonye icyuma gifunganye gisohoka mu masoko atari aya OEM mbere kandi ntiryari rishishikajwe no gusubiramo ubu bunararibonye.

Impungenge ya 3: Inkunga nyuma yo kugurisha.Indabo yo mu bwoko bwa "ring die" si ukugura ibicuruzwa. Ubuyobozi bwo gushyiraho, inkunga ya protocole yo kwinjira mu bubiko, isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho byangiritse, n'inama za tekiniki ku gihe byose ni ingenzi. Itandukaniro ry'amasaha umunani hagati ya Turukiya n'Ubushinwa bw'Iburasirazuba, hamwe n'imbogamizi z'ururimi, byazamuye ibibazo byumvikana ku bijyanye no kumenya niba inkunga ya tekiniki ishoboka.

Ivumburwa: Inama Yahinduye Ikigereranyo

Iterambere ryaturutse ku muyoboro utari witezwe. Mu imurikagurisha ry’ikoranabuhanga rya VIV Turkey ryo mu 2024 ryabereye i Istanbul, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro w’uru ruganda yahuye n’undi mugenzi we wo mu kigo gishinzwe ibiribwa mu karere ka Marmara wari umaze amezi atandatu agerageza mu ibanga ibiribwa byo mu Bushinwa. Ibisubizo byatanzwe, byasangiwe mu buryo butunguranye hakoreshejwe ikawa, byari bishishikaje: PDI isa, 15-18% y’igihe kirekire cy’ibiribwa, naho kuri buri gikoresho byaguraga hafi 40% munsi y’igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa byo mu Burayi.

Icyo kiganiro cyatumye habaho imenyekanisha ry’imashini zitunganya ibiryo za Hongyang Feed. Itsinda ry’abatekinisiye b’uru ruganda ryamaze ibyumweru bitatu rikora isuzuma ry’ibanze: gusuzuma ibyemezo by’ibikoresho, gusaba raporo z’ibizamini by’ubukomere n’amashusho ya metallografiya yo mu byiciro byabanje by’umusaruro, kugenzura ubushobozi bw’uruganda mu gucukura no gutunganya ubushyuhe bw’icyuma cya CNC, no kuvugana n’itsinda ry’abatekinisiye ba Hongyang ku bijyanye na gahunda zabo zo kugenzura ubuziranenge - harimo kugenzura imyobo 100% hakoreshejwe sisitemu zo gupima optique zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ndetse no gupima ubukomere ku giti ku giti ahantu henshi kuri buri disiki.

Icyatandukanyaga Hongyang n'abandi bakinnyi b'inganda bo mu Bushinwa itsinda ryari ryakoze ubushakashatsi ni ubushake bwabo bwo gutanga inyandiko zirambuye za tekiniki nta kuzuyaza. Impamyabushobozi z'ibikoresho zaherekejwe n'isesengura rya spectrographic ry'umuntu wa gatatu. Amakarita y'ubukomere yagaragaje ingingo zo gupima ku buso bwose bw'icyuma, atari ahantu hamwe horoshye gusa. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure bw'umwobo bwagenwe kuri ± 0.03 mm - urwego rw'ubuziranenge ruhuye n'ibipimo bya OEM by'i Burayi.

Igeragezwa: Ipfa rimwe, Igikonoshwa kimwe, Ibyumweru cumi na bibiri

Aho kwiyemeza gukora imashini yuzuye, urusyo rwashyizeho uburyo bwo kugerageza burambye: icyuma kimwe cyometseho impeta (umurambararo w'imbere wa mm 520, umurambararo w'umwobo wa mm 4.0, igipimo cyo gukanda 1:10.5, ibikoresho X46Cr13 bifite vacuum harning kuri HRC 53-55) n'igikoresho kimwe cyo gukanda gihuye (umurambararo w'inyuma wa mm 210, ibikoresho 20CrMnTi bifite carburizing bushyuhe bwo kuvura HRC 58-62).

Ibikoresho byatanzwe byageze nyuma y'iminsi 32 byemejwe - byihuta cyane kurusha igihe cy'iminsi 60-75 uruganda rwari rusanzwe rukoresha ku batanga serivisi b'i Burayi. Isuzuma ryakozwe mbere yo gushyiraho ryagaragaje ko hari imashini nziza, hari imiyoboro imwe ku myobo yose, kandi hari ibipimo by'ubukana mu rugero rwagenwe mu bice bitanu byatoranijwe mu buryo butunguranye.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusohora ibinyampeke by’ibinyampeke, amavuta n’umucanga mwiza mu gihe cy’iminota 90 byarangiye nta kibazo. Umusaruro wose watangiye mu cyumweru cya kabiri.

Imibare: Amezi cumi n'abiri y'amakuru agereranya

Mu mezi cumi n'abiri kuva muri Gashyantare 2025 kugeza muri Mutarama 2026, icyuma cya Hongyang ring die na roller byakoreshejwe mu buryo bumwe n'ibice by'i Burayi bya OEM ku nganda za pellet zegeranye, bitunganya imiterere imwe y'imashini zitunganya inyama. Amakuru akurikira yagereranyijwe yanditswe:

Ibitekerezo byinshi bikwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko.

Guhagarara neza kw'ibicuruzwa.Icyagaragaye cyane mu mikorere si uko 3.4% by’umusaruro byazamutse, ahubwo ni uko ubwinshi bw’umusaruro mu gihe cyose cy’imashini zikora. Ubusanzwe ibyuma byo mu Burayi byagaragaje kugabanuka kwa 7-10% mu masaha 150-200 ya nyuma yo gukora kuko kwangirika k’imyobo byagiye bihindura ubwinshi bw’ibipimo byo gukanda. Imashini yo muri Hongyang yakomeje gukoresha 4% by’agaciro kayo kugeza ku masaha 80 ya nyuma yo gukora - icyerekezo itsinda rishinzwe gukora ryagaragaje ko cyaterwaga n’uburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw’imyanda no kudashira kw’imyanda.

Gukoresha neza ingufu.Kugabanuka kwa 2.8% mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu runaka, nubwo ari ku rugero ruto mu ijanisha, bivuze ko ari hafi MWh 22 z’amashanyarazi azigamwa buri mwaka ku muyoboro umwe w’ingufu za pellet ukoresha toni 55.000 ku mwaka. Ku gipimo cy’amashanyarazi mu nganda za Turukiya kingana na EUR 0.09/kWh, ibi bigaragaza hafi EUR 2.000 mu kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ingufu zitaziguye kuri buri muyoboro w’ingufu buri mwaka.

Imikorere ya Roller Shell.Imashini zikora ibikoresho bya 20CrMnTi za carburised zagaragaje imiterere imwe y’uko zambara. Igenzura ry’amaso ku isaha ya 500 ryagaragaje ko ubuso bwangiritse neza nta gucika kw’aho hantu cyangwa kwangirika byagaragaye rimwe na rimwe ku bikoresho bikomeye. Itsinda ry’abakora ibikoresho ryagaragaje ko gukosora icyuho cya roller-die byasabwaga gake - hafi buri masaha 40 - 50 ugereranije na buri masaha 30 - 35 ku bikoresho by’i Burayi - bigabanya igihe cyo kwinjira mu bakozi.

Ubukungu: Isesengura ry'Ikiguzi cy'Ubutunzi

Urubanza rw'imari rurenze itandukaniro ry'igiciro cy'ubuguzi bwa mbere. Igereranya ry'ikiguzi cyose cy'ubukode (TCO) kuri pair imwe y'impeta n'iy'ikirahure mu gihe cy'igeragezwa:

Ku ruganda rusimbura imiyoboro itandatu ya die-roller buri mwaka ku mirongo itatu ya pellet, amafaranga ateganyijwe kuzigama ya TCO buri mwaka arenga EUR 38.800. Mu myaka itanu, amafaranga azigama agera ku 194.000€ ashobora gutera inkunga kongera ubushobozi bwo kunoza, kuvugurura imiterere y’ibikoresho, cyangwa kwagura ububiko.

Ihinduka: Kuva ku igeragezwa kugera ku itangwa ry’amasoko risanzwe

Hashingiwe ku makuru y’imikorere y’amezi cumi n’abiri, uru ruganda rwafashe ibyemezo bitatu muri Mutarama 2026:

1. Hongyang yagizwe umucuruzi wujuje ibisabwa hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’i Burayi cyari gisanzweho, aho amasoko yagabanyijwemo hafi 60/40 mu nyungu za Hongyang hashingiwe ku nyungu ya TCO yapimwe. 2. Uru ruganda rwiyemeje gahunda yo kugura ibikoresho bya buri gihembwe, ruhuza igihe Hongyang yamaze iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 35 mu gutegura ububiko bw’ibikoresho. 3. Hashyizweho uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bya tekiniki: amakuru y’umusaruro w’uru ruganda asangizwa n’itsinda ry’abahanga rya Hongyang buri gihembwe, bituma habaho kunoza buri gihe ikigereranyo cyo gukanda, inguni zo kugabanya, n’uburyo ibikoresho bitunganywa hashingiwe ku isesengura ry’imiterere y’imyenda.

Ijambo ry'ingenzi muri ibi byemezo ni “ryujuje ibisabwa” — ntabwo ari “ryasimbuwe.” Ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’inganda cy’i Burayi gikomeje kuba umucuruzi wemewe, cyane cyane ku miti yihariye y’amatungo y’inkoko ifite fibre nyinshi aho ibisabwa ku gipimo cyo gukanda bitandukanye n’imirire isanzwe y’inkoko kandi uruganda rukunda kugumana amasoko menshi yemewe.

Icyagize itandukaniro: Ibintu bitatu

Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by'uru ruganda, atekereje ku cyatandukanyaga iki cyemezo cyo gutanga amasoko n'ibindi byakozwe mbere byo gukwirakwiza abacuruzi mu buryo butandukanye, yagaragaje ibintu bitatu.

Gukorera mu mucyo.Hongyang yatanze ibyemezo by’ibikoresho by’abandi, amakarita y’ubukana bw’ibintu byinshi, na raporo z’ibipimo by’amatara nta wubazwe. Uru rwego rw’inyandiko rwagaragaje mu buryo butaziguye ikibazo cy’ubudahinduka bw’ibyuma kandi rwerekana icyizere mbere yuko itegeko rya mbere rishyirwaho.

Itumanaho rya tekiniki.Nubwo hari itandukaniro ry’indimi, itsinda ry’abahanga rya Hongyang ryagaragaje ubuhanga bukomeye mu Cyongereza mu by’ikoranabuhanga. Guhanahana ubutumwa kuri email ku bijyanye no guhitamo igipimo cyo gukanda, gukoresha neza inguni zifasha mu gukora imiterere yihariye, no guhindura protocole byari byumvikana kandi ku gihe - ubusanzwe byakiraga ibisubizo birambuye mu masaha 12 nubwo hari itandukaniro ry’ahantu hatandukanye.

Ubufatanye bushingiye ku makuru.Hongyang ntiyafashe icyemezo cy’iburanisha nk’igikorwa cy’inshuro imwe gusa. Basabye amakuru y’umusaruro ku mezi atatu, atandatu, n’amezi cumi n’abiri, basesenguye imiterere y’imyenda yakoreshejwe mu mafoto y’icyuma cyasubijwe, banatanga ibitekerezo ku kunoza buhoro buhoro ibikorwa bizakorwa mu cyiciro gikurikira. Ibi byagaragaje ko imikorere y’inganda yibanda ku kunoza imikorere aho kuba ubwiza buke bwemewe.

Umwanzuro: Ingaruka ku bakora ibiryo byo muri Turukiya

Inganda z’ibiryo by’amatungo muri Turukiya zikora mu buryo burushaho gupiganwa. Kuba toni miliyoni 30.7 z’ibiryo by’ibiribwa bivangwa buri mwaka mu gihugu bibishyira mu icumi bya mbere ku isi, ariko inyungu ziri munsi y’igitutu giterwa n’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo bihindagurika, ibiciro by’inkoko n’amatungo bigenda bihindagurika, ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu. Muri urwo rwego, buri giciro cy’ibikorwa ni ingenzi.

Ubunararibonye bwanditswe hano ntibugaragaza ko ibyuma by'impeta by'Abashinwa biruta ibicuruzwa by'i Burayi ku isi hose. Amakuru y'imikorere agaragaza uburinganire bw'ingenzi ku bipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibanze (PDI, umusaruro, igipimo cy'amande) hamwe n'inyungu nto ku buzima bw'ibikoresho, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, n'igiciro cyose cy'umutungo. Icyo amakuru agaragaza ni uko, iyo biturutse ku ruganda rufite igenzura rikomeye ry'ubuziranenge, ubwisanzure mu bikoresho, n'ubwitange mu bufatanye mu bya tekiniki, ibyuma by'impeta by'Abashinwa bishobora gukora ku rwego rwujuje cyangwa rurenze ibisabwa mu mikorere y'uruganda rugezweho rwo muri Turukiya - ku giciro gito cyane.

Ku bakora ibiryo by’ibiribwa bo muri Turukiya batekereza ku buryo busa bwo kugura, inama ni iyoroshye: tangira utuntu duto, upime byose, hanyuma ureke amakuru abe ari yo agena. Imbogamizi ikomeye mu gufungura uburyo butandukanye bwo gucuruza ibicuruzwa si ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa - ni igitekerezo cy’uko ubuziranenge budashobora kubaho hanze y’urusobe rw’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.

*Iyi nkuru ishingiye ku makuru y’umusaruro n’inyandiko z’amasoko zisangiwe n’uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’inganda rukorera muri Anatoliya yo Hagati, muri Turukiya. Hongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.) ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa ring dies, press rollers, na pellet mill store rufite icyicaro i Liyang, mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, mu Bushinwa, rutanga ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa feeding mu bihugu birenga 30. Ku bibazo bya tekiniki, hamagara itsinda ry’abahanga ry’isosiyete.*