Uruganda rwo kugaburira inkwavu rwo muri Ajentina rwageze ku musaruro uhamye rukoresheje uruganda rwa Hongyang Ring Die Pellet - Inyigo ku bakiriya

Arijantine ni igihugu gikomeye ku isi mu gutunganya no kohereza inyama z'inkwavu mu mahanga, gifite hafi 15% by'ubucuruzi bw'inyama z'inkwavu ku isi, aho ibiciro byo kohereza mu mahanga bigera kuri 6,817 by'amadolari ya Amerika kuri toni - iri hejuru mu byiciro byose by'inyama zoherejwe mu mahanga ziturutse muri Amerika y'Epfo. Inganda zigaburira amatungo muri iki gihugu zakoresheje toni miliyoni 8.2 mu 2024, aho buri muntu akoresha ibiro 174, bikaba ari ibya gatatu muri Amerika y'Epfo inyuma ya Repubulika ya Dominikani na Shili. Muri uru rwego rw'inganda zikora ibiryo by'inkwavu zikuze, ibiryo by'inkwavu bifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu bya tekiniki: uduce duto tugomba kugira ubukana buhamye bwo kugira ngo amenyo y'inkwavu arusheho gukomera no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'igogora, kugira ngo imiterere y'inyama zikomeze kuba nziza mu gihe cyo kuzitwara no kuzitwara, no gutanga imirire ijyanye n'uburyo zikoreshwa.

Ubu bushakashatsi busuzuma uburyo uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by'inkwavu rwo mu ntara ya Córdoba - ikigo cy'ubuhinzi cya Argentine - rwahinduye uburyo umusaruro warwo uhagaze binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwa Hongyang ring die no guhuza ibishishwa by'urukiramende. Urwo ruganda rwari rufite ibibazo bijyanye n'umusaruro w'inkwavu byabangamiye umusaruro w'inkwavu ndetse n'ubwiza bw'inkwavu, bibangamira amasezerano yarwo n'abacuruzi b'inkwavu batanga isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.

Ibijyanye n'inganda z'ibiryo by'inkwavu muri Argentine

Inganda z'inyama z'inkwavu zo muri Argentine zakomeje kwiyongera mu myaka icumi ishize, bitewe n'ubusabe bukomeye bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi n'inyungu karemano z'igihugu mu gutunganya ibiryo by'inkwavu bishingiye ku bimera. Isoko ry'ibiryo by'inkwavu ku isi ryari rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 249 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2024, aho biteganijwe ko riziyongeraho 4.97% kugeza mu 2035. Amerika y'Epfo ni akarere gafite iterambere rikomeye muri iri soko, aho Argentine iri ku mwanya wa mbere mu kohereza inyama z'inkwavu ku mugabane.

Uburyo bwo kugaburira inkwavu butandukanye cyane n’uburyo busanzwe bwo kugaburira inkoko cyangwa ingurube. Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubuvuzi bw’inkwavu, uduce tw’inkwavu twiza tugomba kuba turimo fibre irengeje 18%, poroteyine isanzwe iri hagati ya 12% na 16%, ibinure biri hagati ya 1-4%, na kalisiyumu iri hagati ya 0.6-1.0%. Kugaragara kw’uduce tw’inkwavu ku mubiri - cyane cyane ingano, gukomera, no kuramba - bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’inkwavu. Gukomera cyane bigabanya kurya ibiryo, mu gihe gukomera kudahagije bitera ibibazo bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka no gupfusha ubusa ibiryo.

Ku bakora ibiryo by’amatungo bakorera urunigi rw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, igipimo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’ibitoki (PDI) si igipimo cy’ubuziranenge gusa ahubwo ni itegeko ryo kubahiriza amategeko. Amazu y’inkwavu yoherezwa mu mahanga asaba agaciro ka PDI kari hejuru ya 95% kugira ngo agabanye amande mu gihe cyo kuyatwara no kwemeza ko amatungo arya intungamubiri mu buryo bumwe.

Ikibazo cy'umukiriya

Uruganda rutunganya ibiryo rw’inkwavu rwo muri Córdoba rukora umurongo utunganya ibiryo by’inkwavu rwubatswe ku mashini itunganya ibiryo by’inkwavu ya mm 520 ikorerwa mu Burayi, rukora toni zigera kuri 3.0 kugeza kuri 3.8 ku isaha z’ibiryo by’inkwavu bifite umurambararo uri hagati ya mm 2.5 na mm 3.5. Iyi nyubako itanga ubworozi 12 bw’inkwavu mu ntara za Córdoba na Santa Fe, rukora toni 8.500 z’ibiryo by’inkwavu buri mwaka.

Guhera mu ntangiriro za 2024, itsinda rishinzwe gukora uruganda ryabonye ibibazo bitatu icyarimwe:

Ihindagurika ry’ubukana bw’ibitoki. Umusaruro ukurikiranye ukoresheje uburyo bumwe watanze ibipimo by’ubukana buri hagati ya 4.2 na 7.8 kg / cm², hanze cyane y’aho byari byitezwe ho 5.5–6.5 kg / cm². Ihindagurika ryatumye habaho kwangwa kw’ubuziranenge, kandi mu bihe bibiri byanditswe, byatumye abakiriya binubira ku kugabanuka kw’ibiryo by’ibiryo mu byuma bisoza.

Ingufu zo kwangirika vuba. Ingufu zo kwangirika zari zisanzweho, zaturutse ku ruganda rukora ibikoresho bya pellet press, zagombaga gusimburwa nyuma y’aho toni 6.500 z’umusaruro zikoreshejwe - hafi 30% munsi y’igihe cyari giteganijwe cyo gukora hagati ya toni 9.000–10.000 zo gukoresha mu kugaburira inkwavu. Buri ngufu yo gusimbuza iguze hafi 3.800 by’amadolari y’Amerika mu bice bimwe gusa, hatabariwemo igihe cyo gukora amasaha 8–14 kuri buri mpinduka.

Ubushobozi bw'umusaruro bwaragabanutse buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwa buri mashini. Imashini yatangiraga gukora toni 3.5 ku isaha mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho yagabanukaga ikagera kuri toni 2.8 ku isaha mu masaha 1.200 y'akazi, bituma uruganda rukora amasaha maremare kugira ngo rugere ku gihe cyo kuyitanga. Umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro yavuze ko ibi byatewe n'ubukana bw'urukuta rw'imyobo n'uburebure bw'umurambararo byaturutse ku ifu y'ibimera n'amabuye y'agaciro asanzwe ari muri iyo mashini.

Ibi bibazo bitatu byahuje kugira ngo habeho ikibazo cy’ubwirinzi cyabangamiye ubushobozi bw’uru ruganda bwo kubahiriza ibyo rwijeje abakiriya barwo benshi, ikigo gitunganya inkwavu gikoresheje uburyo bworoshye cyo kohereza ibiti byakonje muri Esipanye no mu Butaliyani.

Isuzumabumenyi rya tekiniki n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibyuma

Itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ry’uruganda, rifatanyije n’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ba Hongyang, bakoze isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe. Isuzuma ryibanze ku bipimo bine by’ingenzi by’ubushyuhe:

1. Igipimo cyo gukanda. Ku biryo by'inkwavu bifite fibre ndende zigera kuri 19-21% n'ibipimo byo gushyiramo ifu ya alfalfa zigera kuri 25-30%, igipimo cyiza cyo gukanda cyagenwe ko ari 1:9 kugeza 1:11. Igipimo gito cyatanze uduce duto dufite ubukana budahagije; igipimo cyo hejuru cyatumaga ingufu zikoreshwa kandi zikagabanuka nta bwiza bujyanye n'ubuziranenge.

2. Umwanya w'umwobo n'uko ukwirakwira. Urusyo rukenewe rupfa rufite uburebure bw'umwobo bwa mm 2.5 na mm 3.0, rukwiriye abahinzi n'inkwavu zitunganya umwobo. Imiterere y'umwobo igira ingaruka ku buryo umwobo ukwirakwira ndetse n'uburyo ugereranije n'utundi duce - ibi bipimo bikunze kwirengagizwa mu kugura umwobo nyuma yo kugurisha.

3. Gutunganya ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bya Hongyang ring bikozwe mu cyuma cya chromium-alloy (igipimo cya 4Cr13 cy'Abashinwa), hamwe n'ubushyuhe buva mu cyuma gitanga ubukana bwa HRC 52–56 n'ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 0.8–1.2. Imiterere y'ibikoresho igereranywa n'icyuma cya die cy'Abanyaburayi, kandi ibikoresho byose fatizo bikorerwa isesengura rya spectrographic mbere yo kubitunganya.

4. Ubwiza bwo kurangiza imyobo. Hongyang ikoresha imashini zicukura imbunda za CNC zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryikora zifite uduce two gucukura tw’Abadage, bigatuma imyobo igera kuri Ra ≤ 0.8 μm. Ubu bwiza bwo kurangiza bugabanya igihe cyo kwinjira (cyavuzwe mu masaha agera kuri 2 kugeza igihe cyo gukora neza), bigabanya ubushyuhe buterwa no gushyuha mu gihe cyo gukora pellet, kandi bikagira uruhare mu kumara igihe kirekire.

Hashingiwe kuri ibi bipimo, Hongyang yatanze agakoresho k'impeta k'umurambararo wa mm 520 gafite umurambararo w'umwobo wa mm 3.0, ubugari bukora neza bwa mm 178, n'igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:10, gahujwe n'igice cy'imashini ikora neza.

Ibisubizo by'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa n'Umusaruro

Imashini yo kuzunguruka n'igitambaro cyo kuzunguruka byashyizwe mu gihe cyo gusana byari biteganyijwe muri Nzeri 2024. Itsinda rya tekiniki rya Hongyang ryatanze ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri videwo bufashijwe n'amashusho mu buryo bwo kuyishyiraho, harimo no kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyihinduramo icyuho (cyashyizwe kuri mm 0.10–0.15 ku busabe bwa Hongyang bwo kugaburira inkwavu) ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyigabanyamo ibice.

Uburyo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinyampeke bwagennye iminota 45 yo kuvugurura hakoreshejwe ifu y’amavuta n’ifu y’ingano ku kigero cya 60% by’umutwaro w’ingufu, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gushyiramo buhoro buhoro ifumbire y’umusaruro mu minota 75 yakurikiyeho. Ubu buryo bwatumye inkuta z’umwobo zihora zimeze neza mbere yo gukoresha ifu yuzuye.

Nyuma y'amezi atandatu y'imikorere idahwema (hafi toni 4.200 z'umusaruro wose), itsinda ry'abakoraga ryanditse ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bikurikira:

Igipimo cy'imikorere | Die yabanje (OEM) | Die ya Hongyang Ring | Iterambere
Ingufu zihamye | 3.0–3.5 t/h (ihindagurika) | 3.5 t/h (ihoraho) | Gukomeza ubushobozi
Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinure (PDI) | Impuzandengo ya 91.4% | Impuzandengo ya 96.2% | +4.8 ku ijana
Ubukana bw'ibinure | 4.2–7.8 kg/cm² | 5.4–6.3 kg/cm² | Ihindagurika ryagabanutseho 72%
Ibipimo by'ibihano (<1 mm) | 4.8% | 1.9% | Byagabanutseho 60%
Uburemere bw'ingufu ku toni 4.200 | Hafi ya mm 0.28 (byateganijwe) | mm 0.12 (byapimwe) | Kugabanuka kw'igipimo cyo kwangirika ~57%
Ingufu zikoreshwa | 14.2 kWh/t | 13.1 kWh/t | Kugabanuka kwa 7.7%
Igihe cyo kurangiza kugeza ku musaruro wose | Amasaha 6–8 | Amasaha 2.5 | Kugabanuka kwa 65%

Iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi ryari mu buryo buhamye bw'umusaruro. Ingano ya mbere yagaragaje ko umusaruro wangiritseho toni 0.12 ku isaha mu masaha 500 y'akazi; ingano ya Hongyang yagumanye toni 3.5 ku isaha nta kwangirika gupimye kwa toni 4.200. Ibi byatumye hakurwaho gukenera gusimburana mu masaha y'inyongera no kongera gukora neza igihe cyo gutanga.

Ingaruka z'ubwiza ku bakiriya bashya

Iterambere ry’ubwiza bw’ibiryo bya pellet ryavuye ku bipimo by’uko abakiriya bishimira ibyo babonaga. Umukiriya munini w’uru ruganda - rukora ubworozi bw’ibiryo 48.000 mu duce dutandatu rukoreramo - yavuze ko hagabanutse cyane igihombo cy’ibiryo. Kubera ko igipimo cy’amande cyagabanutse kuva kuri 4.8% kigera kuri 1.9%, igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibiryo byazamutseho amanota agera kuri 2.9 ku ijana. Ku ikoreshwa ry’ibiryo bya toni 4.200 ku mwaka kuri uyu mukiriya wenyine, igabanuka ry’ibihano ryanganaga na toni 122 z’ibiryo byakoreshejwe mbere, bifite agaciro ka $42.000 ku giciro cy’ibiryo bya Argentine.

Byongeye kandi, ubukana bukabije bwakuyeho igabanuka ry’ibiryo by’inkwavu rimwe na rimwe ryagaragaye ubwo ubukana bwa pellet bwarengaga 7.0 kg / cm². Ubushakashatsi ku mirire y’inkwavu bwerekana ko pellet zikomeye cyane zongerera igihe cyo guhekenya kandi zikagabanya ibyo kurya bya buri munsi ho 3-5%, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku muvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiryo mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi.

Igipimo cya serivisi muri Hongyang

Uretse imikorere ya tekiniki y’uru ruganda, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by’uru ruganda yagaragaje ibintu bibiri bya serivisi ya Hongyang byatandukanyaga ubufatanye n’imibanire y’abatanga ibicuruzwa mbere.

Ubwa mbere, ubwiza bw'ubuziranenge bwa Hongyang mbere yo kohereza bwari bukubiyemo videwo yerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura icyuma gipima ubukana, yerekana ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana ku bipimo 12 ku buso bwa icyuma gipima ubukana ndetse n'ishusho y'imyobo igaragara. Uku kugaragara neza – kudasanzwe mu bacuruza icyuma gipima ubukana nyuma yo kugurishwa – byatumye itsinda ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi ryizera icyo gicuruzwa mbere yuko kigera muri Arijantine.

Icya kabiri, Hongyang yakomeje itumanaho ryihuse mu kwezi kwa mbere k'umurimo, asaba amakuru ya buri cyumweru ku musaruro kugira ngo yemeze ko icyuma cyakoraga neza. Ubwo uruganda rwatangazaga ko moteri yazamutse gato mu masaha 36 ya mbere y'umurimo, injeniyeri za Hongyang zahise zigaragaza impamvu y'icyo kibazo nk'icyuho kinini cyane cy'icyuma cya roller-die maze ziyobora uburyo bwo kugihindura kure, hirindwa kwangirika kw'icyuma kidakenewe.

Umwanzuro

Icyegeranyo cy’uruganda rw’inkwavu rwa Córdoba kigaragaza ko guhitamo impeta ari icyemezo cy’ubuhanga gifite ingaruka ku bukungu bw’umusaruro, ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, n’imibanire y’abakiriya. Mu kuva ku mpeta itangwa na OEM ikajya ku mpeta ya Hongyang ifite icyuma gihuye, uru ruganda rwageze ku musaruro uhamye kuri toni 3.5 ku isaha, rwongera ubushobozi bwo kuramba kwa pellet kuva kuri 91.4% kugera kuri 96.2%, kandi rwagabanyije ibibazo by’abakiriya bijyanye n’ubuziranenge kugeza kuri zeru mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu.

Ku nganda zitunganya ibiryo zikora mu byiciro byihariye nk'ibiryo by'inkwavu - aho ibisabwa mu buryo bwa pellet bihujwe cyane n'imikorere y'amatungo no kubahiriza amategeko yo kohereza mu mahanga - guhitamo umucuruzi w'ibiryo ufite ubuhanga mu byuma bya chromium, gucukura imbunda neza, no kunoza ikigereranyo cyo gukanda si icyemezo cyo kugura ibicuruzwa ahubwo ni ishoramari rikomeye mu buryo bwizewe mu musaruro.

Hongyang Feed Machinery, yashinzwe mu 2006 i Liyang, mu Bushinwa, ikomeje gukorera inganda zitunganya ibiryo mu bihugu birenga 30, ikoresheje ibyuma bifunga, ibigega bifunga, n'ibikoresho bigabanya ibiryo byakozwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga rw'ubuziranenge.