Uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by'inka muri Ghana rwageze kuri 97.5% by'ingufu za PDI hakoreshejwe Hongyang Ring Die - Inyigo ku musaruro uhamye n'uburyo ikiguzi gikoreshwa neza

Incamake y'Ubuyobozi

Mu rwego rw'inkoko rutera imbere vuba muri Gana – aho ikiguzi cy'ibiryo by'inkoko mu gihugu kirenga toni 460.000 buri mwaka, nyamara inganda zitunganya ibiryo byo mu rugo zikora ku kigero cya 12% gusa cy'ubushobozi bwazo – uburyo bw'ibikoresho bwizewe ni ikintu gikomeye. Iyi nyigo isuzuma uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by'inkoko rwo hagati muri Kumasi, muri Gana, rwasimbuye inganda zarwo zo mu Burayi zitunganya ibiryo by'inkoko zikomoka ku bwoko bwa Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Ibisubizo: igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bwa pellet (PDI) cyahagaze kuri 97.5%, umusaruro wacyo ugakomeza kugabanuka kuri toni 8.5 ku isaha mu gihe cy'umusaruro muremure, kandi ikiguzi cya toni kuri toni y'ibiryo byakozwe cyagabanutseho hafi 18%. Iki gipimo kigaragaza uburyo ubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibiryo by'inkoko, hamwe n'ubufasha bwa tekiniki, bushobora gutuma ibiryo bihorana ubuziranenge mu turere dushyuha duto.

1. Ubutaka bw'Inkoko muri Ghana: Ubusabe burenze ubushobozi bw'abaturage

Inganda z'inkoko muri Ghana zigaragaza ikintu gitangaje: umusaruro w'inkoko ukenerwa buri mwaka urenga toni 460.000 (USDA), nyamara inganda zitunganya ibiryo by'inkoko zo mu ngo zitanga umusaruro ku kigero cya 12% gusa by'ubushobozi bwo kubika ibirango, nk'uko bivugwa n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abahinzi b'Inkoko muri Ghana (GNAPF). Umusaruro w'inkoko ugera kuri 15% gusa by'ibiribwa bikoreshwa mu ngo, naho ibisigaye byuzuzwa n'ibicuruzwa bikonjeshwa bitumizwa mu mahanga - cyane cyane muri Brezili, EU na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ibiryo by’inkoko bingana na 70% by’ikiguzi cyose cy’umusaruro w’inkoko muri Ghana, bigatuma ubwiza n’umusaruro w’inkoko biba ingenzi cyane mu kunguka. Ku bakoresha uruganda rw’inganda zitunganya ibiryo, buri ngano y’ijanisha itakaza mu kuramba kw’inkoko ihinduka mu buryo butaziguye imyanda myinshi y’ibiryo, kugabanya ibiro by’inyoni, no kwangirika kw’ibiciro ku isoko risanzwe rihenze.

Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uru ruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’inka rukora toni 10 ku isaha i Kumasi, rukorera imirima yarwo y’inka ndetse n’abahinzi babifitiye uburenganzira mu karere ka Ashanti. Uru ruganda rwubatswe ku ruganda rutunganya ibiryo rw’inka rwo mu Burayi, kandi umuyobozi w’uru ruganda yari amaze igihe kinini yishingikiriza ku bwoko bw’inganda zikora ibikoresho.

2. Ikibazo cy'umukiriya: Ubwiza bwa pellet budahinduka hamwe n'impinduka zikunze kubaho

Hagati mu mwaka wa 2025, uru ruganda rwari rumaze guhura n'ibibazo bitatu byakomeje kwangiza inyungu:

Kugabanuka kwa PDI mu gihe cyo gukora. Inyamaswa nshya zo mu Burayi zatangaga PDI ya 95-96% mu masaha 300 ya mbere. Nyuma y'amasaha 500, PDI yagabanutse igera kuri 91-92%, bitanga amande menshi yakusanyije mu bukonje no mu byo kurya. Abahinzi b'inkoko bavuze ko ibiryo by'inkoko byiyongeraga ndetse n'ubwiyongere budahuye mu mashyo - aho amande mu byo kurya byatanzwe yarenze 6% ukurikije uburemere.

Impinduka zikunze kubaho mu gihe cy’impinduka zibangamira gahunda y’umusaruro. Impinduka z’i Burayi zasabaga gusimburwa buri masaha 700-800 y’akazi, bigatuma habaho igihe kitateganijwe cyo kuruhuka hafi buri byumweru bitanu kugeza kuri bitandatu. Buri mpinduka yatwaye amasaha 4-5 y’umusaruro watakaye - hafi toni 34-42 z’ibiryo byarangiye kuri buri gikorwa - hamwe n’abakozi n’umutwaro w’ibikoresho wo gushaka impushya z’impinduka ziturutse i Burayi, aho igihe cyo kuzisimbura cyageraga ku byumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu.

Izamuka ry'ibiciro kuri toni. Kubera ko buri gati ya ring die yaguraga hagati ya $4,200 na $4,800 yagejejwe muri Ghana, ikiguzi cyonyine cyageraga hagati ya $2.65 na $2.80 kuri toni y'ibiryo byakozwe. Hamwe n'ibiciro byihishe byo kudakora neza n'ibibazo by'abakiriya bijyanye n'ubuziranenge, ubuyobozi bw'uru ruganda bwemeye ko gati ya ring die ari imbogamizi ikomeye mu musaruro wari usanzwe ukorwa neza.

3. Igisubizo cya Hongyang mu bya tekiniki: Ubuhanga mu by'impeta zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye

Itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ry’uruganda ryatangije uburyo bwo kuvugana na Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. binyuze mu bushakashatsi ku bucuruzi bw’akarere mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2025. Aho gutanga serivisi zisanzwe, itsinda rishinzwe tekiniki rya Hongyang ryakoze isuzumabumenyi rihamye mbere yo gutanga inama iyo ari yo yose:

- Yasuzumye uburyo inyama z'inka zitunganywa mu nganda - ifu y'ibigori na soya ifite ibinure 3.5-4.0% na poroteyine isanzwe 18-20% - Yasesenguye uburyo uduce duto dukwirakwira mu gusya (ikigereranyo cy'umurambararo w'ikigereranyo: 650-700 μm) - Yasuzumye ibipimo byo kuvugurura (umuvuduko w'umwuka, ubushyuhe, igihe cyo kubika) - Yasuzumye uburyo bwo gusya busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gusya kugira ngo arebe niba hari imiterere y'umuvuduko idakwirakwira mu buryo bungana.

Hashingiwe kuri iri suzuma, Hongyang yatanze ibisobanuro ku byerekeye icyuma gikingira impeta cyihariye:

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyabaye uburyo bwa Hongyang bwo gukomeretsa ifu y'ifu, butuma habaho ubukana bumwe mu gice cyose cy'impeta - atari ku buso bw'imbere bw'inyama gusa. Ku biryo by'inkoko bifite ibinure biringaniye, ibi bivuze ko umwobo uhoraho wangirika kandi ukagira ubuziranenge buhamye mu gihe cyose ifu ikora. Igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:9.2 cyatoranyijwe kugira ngo gihuze n'imiterere y'imvange yihariye, bitanga igihe gihagije cyo kumara ifu y'ifu idakanda cyane kandi itera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ingufu nyinshi.

4. Ibisubizo by'imikorere: Iterambere rishobora gupimwa

Ingufu ya mbere ya Hongyang ring die yashyizweho mu ntangiriro za konji ya kane ya 2025. Nyuma y'iminsi 60 yo gukurikirana buri gihe, uru ruganda rwanditse amakuru akurikira ku mikorere:

Ubwiza bw'ibiceri buhamye

PDI yapimwe buri cyumweru hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Pfost tumbling cap tester (uburyo busanzwe bwa Kaminuza ya Leta ya Kansas). Ingano ya Hongyang yagumanye PDI hagati ya 97.2% na 97.8% kugeza ku masaha 1.200 yo gukora, nta kugabanuka gukomeye kw'ibipimo. Ingano y'ibihano mu biryo byarangiye (byapimwe mu gihe cyo gusohora amazi mu buryo bukonje) yageze kuri 2.1%, ugereranije na 4.5-6.2% ugereranije n'ingano yabanje mu masaha 500-800.

Umusaruro uva mu bicuruzwa

Uruganda rwa pellet rwagumanye toni 8.5 ku isaha – ubushobozi bw’umurongo – nta kugabanuka k’umusaruro kwatewe n’uko umuriro wapfuye. Gukoresha moteri byagumye mu rugero rwasabwaga n’uruganda mu gihe cyose cyo kugenzura, byemeza ko igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:9.2 kitashyizeho ikiguzi cy’ingufu za parasite.

Ubukungu bw'Ubuzima n'Ikiguzi

Hashingiwe ku bipimo byafashwe mu masaha 1.200, igihe cyose cy’akazi ka Hongyang kigomba kuba hagati y’amasaha 1.600 na 1.800 mu gihe cy’imikorere y’ubu - hafi 2.2x y’igihe cyabonetse ugereranije n’igihe cyabanjirije icyo cy’i Burayi. Kubera ko igiciro cya Hongyang kigera ku madolari 3.200 ya Amerika yatanzwe kandi umusaruro uteganijwe ukaba ungana na toni 13.600+, ikiguzi cya toni kuri toni kigera ku madolari 0.24 - kugabanuka kwa 18-20% ugereranyije n’igihe cyabanjirije icyo cy’ibiciro cya toni 2.65 na 2.80 ya Amerika yakoreshejwe. Hashingiwe ku gihe cyo kwirinda guhagarara (hagaragajwe ko habayeho impinduka 8 ku mwaka), amafaranga yose yazigamwe ku mwaka yarenze amadolari 14.000 ya Amerika ku ruganda rumwe rw’ibumba.

Ibitekerezo by'abahinzi ku guhindura ibiryo

Abahinzi b'inkoko zikorerwa n'uru ruganda bavuze ko hari iterambere rigaragara mu gupima igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo by'inkoko (FCR). Nubwo igerageza ryo kugaburira ryagenzuwe ryari rirenze urugero rw'iri suzumabumenyi, amakuru y'ubuhinzi yakusanyijwe agaragaza ko hari iterambere rya 0.03-0.05 muri FCR (urugero, kuva kuri 1.72 kugeza kuri 1.68), bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiryo byangiritse no kunoza uburyo bwo kugaburira inkoko. Ku giciro cy'ibiryo by'inkoko muri Ghana n'umusaruro usanzwe, ndetse no kwiyongera kwa 0.04 FCR bingana n'amafaranga azigamwa ku mwaka hagati ya 6.000-8.000 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku nyoni 100.000.

5. Itandukaniro rya serivisi muri Hongyang

Uretse ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by'uru ruganda yagaragaje ibintu bibiri by'ubufatanye bwa Hongyang byarutandukanije n'imibanire y'abatanga ibicuruzwa mbere:

Ubufasha bwa tekiniki mbere yo gushyiraho. Injeniyeri za Hongyang zakoze igenzura rya videwo ryifashishijwe mu buryo bwa kure ry’uruganda rwa pellet, ihuriro ry’imizingo, na sisitemu yo kongerera ikirere mbere yuko icyuma cyohereza. Ibi byagaragaje ikibazo gito cyo guhuza imizingo - kitagaragaye mu gihe cyo kuyisana - iyo bitakosowe, byari gutuma icyuma cyongera kwangirika no kwangirika kw’ubwiza bwa pellet uko ubwiza bwacyo bwaba buri kose.

Uburyo bwihuse bwo guhangana n’imimerere y’imikorere yo mu turere dushyuha. Ubushuhe bwo muri Ghana (ubusanzwe buri hagati ya 75-85%) n’ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi kenshi mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi bituma imiterere y’imikorere itandukanye n’iyo mu nganda zitunganya ibiryo by’inganda zikoresha ikirere gishyushye. Hongyang yahinduye uburyo bwo gukoresha inganda nshya - agena igihe kirekire cyo kugabanya umutwaro no gutanga amabwiriza yihariye yo gucunga ubushuhe - kugira ngo ahuze n’ibi bintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije. Umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro w’inganda yavuze ko uru rwego rwo guhindura imiterere y’inganda rutari mu nyandiko zatanzwe ku nganda zitunganya ibiryo z’inganda zabanjirije i Burayi.

Hongyang ifite ububiko bw'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu ruganda rwa pellet rwo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, aho ibicuruzwa bijyanwa muri Accra mu minsi 7-10 y'akazi. Ku ruganda rwa Kumasi, ibi byakuyeho igihe cy'ibyumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu cyari cyaratumye uruganda rutwara ibikoresho byinshi nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda ihungabana ry'ingufu.

6. Umwanzuro

Urugero rwa Ghana rugaragaza ihame rikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse ku nganda zitunganya ibiryo by'inkoko mu masoko y'inkoko ari kuzamuka: icyuma gifunga ntabwo ari igice cy'ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo byacyo - igipimo cyo gukanda, imiterere y'imyobo, urwego rw'ibikoresho, n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe - bigomba guhuzwa n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora, imiterere y'imikorere, n'intego z'ubwiza bwa buri murongo w'umusaruro. Igikoresho cy'inkoko cy'i Burayi gisanzwe kandi cyiza gishobora gukora nabi mu ikoreshwa ry'ibiryo by'inkoko zo mu turere dushyuha mu gihe igipimo cyo gukanda n'imiterere y'ubukana byakozwe neza hakurikijwe ibitekerezwa bitandukanye.

Uburyo bwa Hongyang - isuzuma ry’ubuhanga mbere yo gutanga inama, ibyuma byakuwemo umwuka bifite ubukana bungana, hamwe no guhitamo igipimo cyo gukanda by’ingano y’ibikomoka ku bimera - byatumye uruganda rwa Kumasi rugera ku buziranenge bw’ibimera, rugabanya igihe cyo gukora, rugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora kuri toni, ndetse n’impinduka zishoboka mu guhindura ibiryo by’inkoko. Ku bakoresha uruganda rwo muri Ghana rukora ibiryo by’inkoko ku buryo bworoshye kandi rusaba amahame y’ubuziranenge, izi nyungu ni ingenzi.

Mu gihe guverinoma ya Ghana n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bashora imari mu kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y'ubukene bw'inkoko bugera kuri toni 460.000 mu gihugu ndetse n'uburyo ikoreshwa ry'inganda zitunganya ibiryo byazo ku kigero cya 12%, ubufatanye bw'ibikoresho bwizewe kandi buhendutse buzaba ingenzi mu iterambere ry'uru rwego.

Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku makuru y’imikorere yakusanyijwe hagati y’Ukwakira na Ukuboza 2025. Ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo bwo gutunganya ibiryo byashyizwe mu buryo bwa rusange kugira ngo birinde amakuru y’umukiriya. Ibisobanuro bya Hongyang ring die bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe biboneka guhera mu kwezi kwa kane k’umwaka wa 2025.