Incamake y'Umuyobozi
Urwego rw'ibiryo by'inkoko mu Buhinde rutanga toni miliyoni 40 z'ibiryo by'inkoko buri mwaka, aho ibiryo by'inkoko bingana na 66% by'isoko ryose. Nk'ikigo cya gatanu ku isi gitanga inyama z'inkoko ku isi gifite toni miliyoni 9.77, ikigo cy'inkoko cyo mu Buhinde gikoresha imbaraga nyinshi aho ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibiryo - bitewe n'ubwiza bw'ibiryo - bugena inyungu [1].
Ubu bushakashatsi busuzuma uburyo imashini ihuza inkoko zo mu cyiciro cya hagati mu mukandara w’inkoko wa Tamil Nadu yakemuye ikibazo cy’umusaruro udahoraho ikoresha uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu ruganda rwo kurangiza ibiribwa rwavuguruwe. Mu mezi 20 rumaze rukora, uru ruganda rwakomeje gukoresha Pellet Durability Index (PDI) iri hejuru ya 94%, rutanga umusaruro uhamye wa toni 6.5 ku isaha, kandi nta gihe cyo kuruhuka cyateganijwe cyatewe no kunanirwa kwa ring die - ibisubizo bigaragaza ireme ry’ibikoresho bya Hongyang ndetse n’uburyo bw’ikigo bwo gutanga inama mbere yo kugurisha no gushyira mu bikorwa imirimo.
1. Imiterere y'inganda: Urwego rw'ibiryo by'inkoko mu Buhinde
Inganda z’ibiryo by’inkoko mu Buhinde zifite agaciro ka miliyari 18 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2025, aho biteganijwe ko zizagera kuri miliyari 25.25 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2030 ku gipimo cy’izamuka rya 7.0% ku mwaka [2]. Ibiryo by’inkoko ni byo byiganje muri iki gihugu: ibiryo by’inkoko byonyine bigize 66% by’isoko, bigaterwa n’amasosiyete ahuza imiterere y’inkoko agenzura hafi 80% by’umusaruro w’inyama z’inkoko.
Tamil Nadu iri mu ntara enye za mbere mu Buhinde zitanga inkoko, hamwe na Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, na Haryana. Umuhanda wa Namakkal-Salem mu burengerazuba bwa Tamil Nadu ni umwe mu matsinda y’inkoko menshi cyane muri Aziya, urimo inganda zisaga 1.200 zo korora no gufasha inyoni zirenga miliyoni 150 mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Muri iki gihe cy’irushanwa rikomeye, abahuza barushanwa ku giciro cy’ibiryo kuri kilo cy’uburemere bw’inkoko - igipimo aho ubwiza bw’inkoko bugira uruhare runini.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Indian Journal of Poultry Science bwagaragaje ko ibiryo by'inkoko byo mu bwoko bwa pelleted byongera uburyo ibiryo byinjiramo ku kigero cya 3-5% kandi bigabanya imyanda y'ibiryo kugeza kuri 12% ugereranije n'ibiryo bya mash. Ku imashini ikora toni 20.000 z'ibiryo buri mwaka, iterambere rya 5% mu mikorere myiza y'ibiryo bivuze ko toni zigera ku 1.000 z'ibiryo by'inka zibikwa - ku giciro cy'ibigori byo mu Buhinde cya INR 22-24 kuri kilo, ibi bigaragaza ko amafaranga azigamwe arenga miliyoni 22 z'ama-INR (USD 265.000) ku mwaka.
2. Ikibazo cy'umukiriya
Shri Balaji Feeds, ikigo gihuza inyama z'inkoko kiri hafi ya Namakkal, muri Tamil Nadu, gitanga umusaruro ugizwe n'ubworozi bw'inkoko, uruganda rw'inkoko rw'inkoko rukora ubworozi bw'inkoko, abahinzi b'inkoko 180 bagiranye amasezerano n'ikigo gitunganya amatungo y'inkoko, n'urusyo rw'ibiribwa by'inkoko rutanga toni 24.000 z'ibiribwa by'inkoko buri mwaka (imibare ya 2024). Isosiyete icuruza inyoni nzima mu masezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutanga inyoni n'inganda zitunganya amatungo zo mu karere kandi ifite izina ryiza ryo kuba ifite uburemere bungana - ikintu kijyanye neza no kuba ifu y'inkoko imeze neza.
Mu mpera za 2023, umurongo w'ibiryo by'inganda ushaje wagaragaje ibibazo bitatu by'imikorere:
Umuvuduko uhindagurika. Uruganda rwa pellet rusanzwe, uruganda rukora mu gihugu rufite imbaraga za kW 90 rwashyizweho mu 2016, rwatanze umuvuduko ugera kuri toni 3.8 na 5.2 ku isaha kuri pellet isanzwe ya 3.5mm yo kurangiza imashini. Abakoresha bavugaga ko ihindagurika ryatewe no gukandagirana kw'imashini ku buryo budasobanutse - kubera ko imashini ya ring yambaraga nabi ku buso bwayo, imiyoboro y'ibikoresho yaratandukanye, bigatuma habaho impinduka nyinshi ku muvuduko w'ibikoresho n'umuvuduko w'umwuka.
Ubwiza bwa pellet bugabanuka. Gupima PDI buri gihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa ASAE S269.4 tumbling byatanze agaciro kari hagati ya 86% na 90%, buri gihe munsi y’ingano y’ubwiza bw’imbere bw’umuhuza wa 92%. Gutanga amande ku gice cyo gufunga byageze kuri 7-9% bitewe n’uburemere, bisaba ko uruganda rukoresha scalper y’inyongera no kongera gukoresha amande binyuze mu gukamura pellet - igikorwa cyongereye ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kandi cyazanye itandukaniro mu gukomera kwa pellet bitewe no kongera gutunganya gelatinization y’ibishyimbo.
Gusimbuza impeta kenshi. Impeta yasabaga gusimbuza buri mezi 9-11. Buri gusimbuza byatwaraga iminsi ibiri yuzuye, aho integrated yahatirwaga kugura ibiryo by'ubucuruzi ku giciro cya hafi INR 3.500 kuri toni. Mu mwaka usanzwe, ibi byageraga kuri miliyoni 1.4 z'amafaranga y'inyongera yo kugura, hatabariwemo ikiguzi cya INR 380.000 cyo gusimbuza impeta.
“Uruganda rw’inganda rwa pellets ni rwo rwari ingenzi mu mikorere yacu yose,” uko ni ko umuyobozi w’uru ruganda yabigarutseho. “Iyo rwagendaga neza, ibintu byose byagendaga neza. Iyo rwagorwaga, twumvaga ingaruka ziturutse ku ruganda rukora imyumbati kugeza ku ruganda rutunganya imyumbati.”
3. Isuzuma n'Amahitamo y'Ibikoresho
Hagati ya Mutarama na Werurwe 2024, Shri Balaji Feeds yasuzumye uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byaturutse ku batanga ibicuruzwa bane: uruganda rumwe rw’Abahinde, ikirango kimwe cy’i Burayi gihagarariwe n’umucuruzi wo mu gihugu, n’abashoramari babiri b’Abashinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, barimo Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).
Isuzuma ryashyize uburemere bwihariye ku bintu bitatu:
Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma n'ubuhanga mu by'imashini. Hongyang yatanze ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikoresho bya HYPM-508 ring die yayo: 4Cr13 (X46Cr13) icyuma kitagira umugese cya martensitic, gikonjeshejwe na HRC 54-56 ku buso bw'akazi, gifite imyobo ipfundikiye imbunda igenzura umurambararo w'imbere n'urukuta rworoshye. Raporo z'ibizamini by'ubukana bw'inyongera n'ibipimo bya bore gauge byashyizwe mu nyandiko mbere yo kugurisha - urwego rwo gukorera mu mucyo rwatandukanyaga Hongyang n'abanywanyi batangaga ibisobanuro by'izina gusa.
Ingufu zikoreshwa n'imiterere y'ingufu. Itsinda ry'abahanga rya Hongyang ryabaruye toni 6-8 ku isaha ziteganijwe kuri pellet ya 3.5mm finisher ku gipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:7.5, bakoresheje moteri nkuru ya 132 kW. Ibi byahuye n'ibyo integrator ikeneye ubu ni toni 6 ku isaha hamwe n'umwanya wo kwagura mu gihe kizaza kugeza kuri toni 8 ku isaha. Mu buryo bunyuranye, moderi ingana n'iyi y'i Burayi yasabaga moteri ya 160 kW kugira ngo ikore umusaruro umwe, bitera impungenge ku bijyanye n'ikiguzi cy'ingufu mu gihe kirekire.
Imfashanyigisho n'ubwitange bwa serivisi. Hongyang yatanze amakuru arambuye ku bakiriya batatu basanzwe muri Aziya - barimo ikigo gihuza inkoko muri Filipine n'uruganda rutunganya ibiryo muri Vietnam - bemeje ko ikigo gikurikirana nyuma yo kugurisha. Hongyang kandi yiyemeje gutanga serivisi aho ikorera n'itsinda ry'abahanga babiri, amahugurwa y'abakora, na garanti y'amezi 24 ku mubiri w'impeta (usibye kwambara bisanzwe), igihe cyarenze igihe gisanzwe cy'amezi 12 gitangwa n'abandi batanga serivisi.
Amahitamo ya nyuma yari agizwe na:
Ibikoresho: Imashini ikora pellet HYPM-508 (132 kW) – Imashini ikora pellet y'ibanze
Indabyo y'impeta y'inyongera: 508mm ID, imyobo ya 3.5mm, CR 1:7.5 – Gukora backup
Igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka (amaseti 2): 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi – Ibice byambara
Igikoresho cyo kongerera imbaraga: Double-shaft, 5.5 kW – Igikoresho cyo kongerera imbaraga umwuka
4. Gutanga serivisi no gutangiza umusaruro
Hongyang yohereje injeniyeri ebyiri i Namakkal muri Gicurasi 2024. Igikorwa cyo gutanga serivisi cyamaze iminsi 12 kandi cyarimo ibintu byinshi umukiriya yaje kubona ko ari ingenzi ku mikorere y'uru ruganda nyuma yaho:
Guhuza neza. Ihuriro ry'ingenzi rya moteri ryari rihujwe n'umurongo wa radial na axial wa 0.04mm - rinini kurusha uko Hongyang yari yabigennye mu ruganda rwe, 0.08mm. Itsinda ry'abahanga ryamaze umunsi wose rihuza gusa, risobanurira abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga uruganda ko n'aho ibintu bito bihurira byihutisha kwangirika kw'ingufu kandi bigatera guhindagurika kw'ingufu, bigatuma imiterere y'ingufu igabanuka.
Uburyo bwo gusohora ingano y'inganda. Abahanga mu by'ubuhinzi bakurikiranye uburyo bwo gusohora ingano y'inganda mu masaha 8 bakoresheje uruvange rw'ifu y'ibinyampeke bya soya n'ibinyampeke by'umuceri, bikoresha moteri ya 60%. Ubu buryo bwo gusohora ingano y'inganda - butuma ingano y'inganda zifatana n'ubuso bw'inganda zikora ingano y ...
Amahugurwa y'abakoresha. Mu masomo atanu, injeniyeri zakoze isuzuma ry'icyuho cy'umugozi (0.15-0.25mm yo kwihanganira ibiryo by'inkoko), ibipimo by'ubwiza bw'umwuka (0.3-0.4 MPa yuzuye umwuka, ubushyuhe bwa dogere 80-85 C), igenzura ry'ubwangirike bw'umuyoboro hakoreshejwe agakoresho gapima imyenge, no gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe by'ubwiza bw'umuyoboro. Ibikoresho byo kwigisha byasizwe mu Cyongereza na Tamil, byakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo bishyirwe muri iki gikorwa.
PDI ya mbere yapimye 94.8% - irenga intego ya 92% kandi yegera ku gipimo cya 95% cy’ubwiza bw’inkoko mu nganda zikora ibiryo by’inkoko.
5. Ibisubizo by'Imikorere (Gicurasi 2024 – Ubu)
Nyuma y'amezi 20 y'imikorere idahwema, itunganya toni zigera ku 36.000 z'ibiryo by'inkoko, HYPM-508 yatanze ibisubizo bikurikira:
- Umusaruro mwiza: wazamutse kuva kuri 3.8-5.2 t / isaha (udahindagurika) kugera kuri 6.5 t / isaha (udahindagurika), iterambere rya +25% kugeza kuri +71%
- Igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinure (PDI): cyazamutse kuva kuri 86-90% kigera kuri 94-95%, inyungu y'amanota +5 kugeza kuri +9
- Gutanga amande mu gihe cyo gushyira mu gikapu: byagabanutse kuva kuri 7-9% bigera kuri 2.8-3.2%, bigabanukaho -63%
- Igihe cyo gukora icyuma gishyushya: cyazamutse kuva ku mezi 9-11 kugeza ku mezi 20+ (gikomeje), iterambere rya +100%+
- Igihe cyo kuruhuka kitagenwe (ukwezi): cyagabanutse kuva ku masaha 16 kigera ku masaha 2, kugabanuka kwa -87.5%
- Ingufu zikoreshwa kuri toni: zagabanutse kuva kuri 21.6 kWh/t zigera kuri 17.8 kWh/t, ni ukuzamuka kwa -17.6%
Ibintu byinshi byagaragaye bikwiye kwitabwaho:
Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza. Bitandukanye n'uruganda rwabanje, aho umusaruro warwo wahindukaga ho toni 1.4 ku isaha bitewe n'imiterere y'icyuma gishyushya, HYPM-508 yakomeje kugira umurongo muto wa toni 6.3-6.7 ku isaha mu gihe cyose ikora. Abakoresha ibi bavuga ko biterwa n'uburyo imyobo y'icyuma icukurwamo imbunda n'uburyo icyuho cy'icyuma gishyushya - ibintu bituma ibikoresho bikomeza gukandagira ku buso bwose bw'icyuma gishyushya.
Igihe kirekire cyo kumara icyuma gifunga. Imashini ya mbere iguma ikora nyuma y'amezi 20 n'amasaha agera ku 5.500 yo gukora, aho ibipimo bya bore gauge bigaragaza ko nta milimetero 0.3 z'ubusaze bukabije ku buso bw'icyuma. Iyi mikorere igaragaza neza imikorere ya metallurgy ya 4Cr13, uburyo bwo gukomeretsa icyuma gifunga, n'uburyo bwo gufunga bunoze. Ku gipimo cy'ubusaze, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro avuga ko igihe cyose cyo kumara icyuma gifunga kirenga amezi 24 - inshuro zirenze ebyiri z'ukwezi kwa 9-11 kwabayeho mbere.
Ingufu zikoreshwa neza. Kugabanuka kwa 17.6% mu ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri toni imwe - kuva kuri 21.6 kWh kugera kuri 17.8 kWh - bitanga ubwizigame bwa buri mwaka bw'amashanyarazi angana na INR 840.000 ku gipimo cy'amashanyarazi mu nganda za Tamil Nadu cya INR 8.50 kuri kWh. Mu gihe cy'imyaka 15 giteganijwe cyo gukora uruganda rwa pellet, izi nzigame zonyine zerekeza ku giciro cy'ibanze cy'ibikoresho.
6. Uko umukiriya abona ibintu
Mu isuzuma ryakozwe mu Kuboza 2025, ubuyobozi bwa Shri Balaji Feeds bwagaragaje ibintu bitatu byatandukanyije ubunararibonye bwa Hongyang:
Ubwa mbere, gukorera mu mucyo mbere yo kugurisha byubakaga icyizere mbere yuko amafaranga ahinduka. Raporo z’ibyuma, amakuru ajyanye n’ibizamini by’ubukana, hamwe n’amakuru y’abakiriya byatanze ishingiro ry’ukuri ry’icyemezo cyo gutanga amasoko abakozi b’imbere mu by’ubwubatsi bashoboraga kugenzura ku giti cyabo.
Icya kabiri, ireme ry’imikorere - cyane cyane gahunda yo kwinjira mu ruganda n’amahugurwa y’abakoresha - byasobanuwe nk’ishoramari mu mikorere y’igihe kirekire aho kuba imyitozo yo gushyira mu kazu. “Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi bohereza injeniyeri kugira ngo ahindure switch maze agende. Itsinda rya Hongyang ryagumyeyo kugeza igihe abakora bacu bashoboraga gukoresha uru ruganda badakurikiranwe ku buryo buteganijwe,” nk’uko byavuzwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro.
Icya gatatu, uburyo bwo gusubiza nyuma yo kugurisha bwakomeje kuba bwiza. Ubwo havukaga ikibazo gito cyo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka mu kwezi kwa 14, itsinda ry'abahanga rya Hongyang ryasuzumye ikibazo mu masaha atatu maze ryohereza ibikoresho bisimbura ibyo bikoresho byaje mu minsi irindwi - vuba kurusha igihe cyo gusohora ibikoresho mu gihe cy'iminsi 10-14 cyatanzwe n'umucuruzi w'Umuhinde ku bice bingana na byo.
7. Umwanzuro
Urugero rwa Shri Balaji Feeds rugaragaza ihame rirenze isoko iryo ari ryo ryose: mu nganda zikora ibiryo by'inkoko, guhagarara k'umusaruro ni ishingiro ry'ubwiza bwa pellets, imikorere myiza, no kunyurwa kw'abakiriya. Uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellets - binyuze mu buryo bwarwo bwakozwe neza, uburyo bwo gutanga serivisi nziza, no gushyigikira nyuma yo kugurisha - byatumye ikigo cyo hagati cya Tamil Nadu gihindura imikorere idahwitse kandi ihenze yo gukora pellets mo umutungo uhamye kandi ushingiye ku bwiza.
Ku bahuza inkoko bo mu Buhinde basura isoko aho ibiryo by’inkoko bingana na 65-70% by’ikiguzi cyose cyo gukora, kwizera ibikoresho si ikintu cyoroshye - ni ngombwa mu irushanwa. Imikorere y’amezi 20 muri Shri Balaji Feeds, harimo 94%+ PDI, kuzigama ingufu 17.6%, no gusimbuza zero ring die, bigaragaza ko guhuza Hongyang mu gukora neza no gutanga serivisi bitanga agaciro gashoboka kandi gahoraho mu turere dutanga ibiryo byinshi kandi twita ku nyungu.
Amakuru ajyanye n'ibisobanuro: [1] Ishusho y'ibiryo by'ubuhinzi bya Alltech / Imibare y'umusaruro w'ibiryo by'amatungo mu Buhinde; [2] Itsinda rya IMARC, “Raporo y'Isoko ry'Ibiryo by'Inkoko mu Buhinde 2025-2030″; [3] Ikinyamakuru cy'Ubuhinde cy'Ubumenyi bw'Inkoko, ibibazo bitandukanye ku miterere y'ibiryo by'inkoko n'imikorere y'ibiryo by'inkoko; [4] ASAE Standard S269.4, “Ibice, Amacupa, n'Ibice Bicitse - Ibisobanuro n'Uburyo bwo Kumenya Ubucucike, Kuramba, n'Ubushyuhe”; [5] Serivisi y'Ubuhinzi yo mu Mahanga ya USDA, “Raporo y'umwaka y'Ibiryo by'Inkoko n'Ibicuruzwa mu Buhinde.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-29-2026
