Incamake y'Ubuyobozi Urwego rw'amata muri Irilande rwagiye rurushaho kwaguka kuva aho umugabane w'amata w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi wakuweho mu 2015, aho umusaruro w'amata ku mwaka wavuye kuri litiro miliyari 5.6 ukagera kuri litiro zirenga miliyari 8.5 mu 2024, nk'uko Teagasc ibivuga. Ubushakashatsi ku matungo y'inka z'amata ku rwego rw'igihugu bwari bugizwe n'imiryango 1.481.300 mu Kuboza 2024 (CSO Livestock Survey), bushyigikira inganda z'ibiryo by'amatungo zifite abanyamuryango bahagarariye Ishyirahamwe ry'Ibinyampeke n'Ibiryo bya Irilande (IGFA) bakora toni miliyoni 4.3 z'ibiryo by'amatungo buri mwaka. Ibiryo by'amata, bishingiye cyane ku ifu y'ibyatsi nk'indyo y'ibanze, ni cyo cyiciro kinini cy'ibiryo muri iki gikorwa. Uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’amatungo rukorera mu gace ka Cork, rutanga ibikoresho by’amata byashyizwe mu macupa ku mirima igera kuri 60 iri mu burebure bwa kilometero 100, rwahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutamenya ubuziranenge nyuma yo gushwanyagurika: ibiryo by’amata bishingiye ku byatsi byavaga mu gikoresho gikonjesha umukandara cyari gisanzweho ku kigero cy’ubushuhe kuva kuri 13.8% kugeza 15.5% hejuru y’umubare fatizo wa 13.5% usabwa kugira ngo habeho ububiko bwiza mu gihe cy’ikirere cy’inyanja kirimo ubushuhe bwinshi muri Irilande. Mu gihe cy’impeshyi ya 2024, uru ruganda rwanditse uburyo abakiriya 17 banze kwakira ibihumyo mu macupa yabitswe, bingana na toni 280 z’ibicuruzwa byagarujwe. Muri Mutarama 2025, uru ruganda rwasimbuje icyuma gikonjesha umukandara wa kera wa Hongyang SKLN 25脳25. Amezi cumi n’abiri y’umusaruro nyuma yo gushyirwaho agaragaza ko ubushuhe bwa nyuma bwa pellet bwahagaze kuri 12.8% kugeza 13.2%, kwangwa kw’ibihumyo kwagabanutse kugera kuri zeru, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zo gukonjesha ryagabanutseho 22%. Iyi nkuru igaragaza imiterere ya tekiniki, impamvu zo guhitamo ibikoresho, n'umusaruro wemejwe. 1. Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa by'amata muri Irilande gikoresha bumwe mu buryo bworohereza amata ku isi mu buryo buhendutse. Nk'uko Teagasc ibivuga, ikigo cy'amata cyo muri Irilande gisanzwe cyororera inka mu rwuri rw'ibyatsi bya rye mu gihe cy'iminsi 240 kugeza 280 ku mwaka, aho ibiryo by'itumba bikunze kuba mu Ugushyingo kugeza Gashyantare. Mu gihe cyororerwa, ubwatsi buhingwa ku kigero cya 20% by'ibimera byumye kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza Nzeri, bugizwe n'indyo y'ibanze, ikongerwamo ibinyampeke ku kigero cya kg 4 kuri buri nka ku munsi bitewe n'igihe cyo konsa n'intego z'umusaruro w'amata. Ibiryo by'amata muri Irilande bitandukanye n'ibikomoka ku matungo byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'ibyo ku mugabane w'Uburayi mu buryo bw'ibinyampeke. Ubusanzwe sayiri ingana na 30% by'ibiryo by'ingano, ikongerwamo umusaruro w'ibigori (ibinyampeke bya distillers, ibiryo bya gluten by'ibigori), ifu ya soya, na beterave pulp, ibi bya nyuma bikaba ari ikintu gishyushye cyane gifata ubushuhe bw'ikirere nyuma yo gutunganya. Iyi miti, iyo inyujijwe mu ruganda rusanzwe rwa pellet kuri 75% by'ubushyuhe bwa selisiyusi 5, isohoka mu mashini ku bushyuhe bwa 15% by'ubushuhe bwa 7% kandi igasaba gukonjeshwa kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwo kubika rwa 13.5% cyangwa munsi yarwo. Inganda z'ibiryo by'ibikomoka ku bimera byo muri Irilande zikora hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi, Ibiribwa n'isuku y'ibiryo byo mu mazi ashyiraho amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi 183/2005, asaba ubushuhe buri munsi ya 14% ku biryo by'ibikomoka ku bimera bigenewe kubikwa birengeje ibyumweru bibiri. Imiterere y'ikirere muri Irilande ifite ubushuhe buri hagati ya buri kwezi buri hejuru ya 80% kuva muri Nzeri kugeza Werurwe, bituma kubahiriza aya mahame biba ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuhanga aho kuba intambwe yo gutunganya ibintu. 2. Ikibazo cy'imikorere Uruganda rw'ibiryo bya Cork, rwashinzwe mu 1985 ubu rukaba rukoreshwa n'abahungu babiri b'uwashinze urwo ruganda, rufite umurongo umwe wo gupima amata ufite ubushobozi bwa toni 8 ku isaha. Urwo ruganda rutunganya amata atanu y'ingenzi, hamwe n'ibiryo bitanu by'ingenzi by'amata, hamwe n'ibiryo byo guhuza ubwatsi bw'ibimera n'ibigori bivangwa n'ingano nyinshi hamwe n'ibinyabutabire by'ibirayi n'ibigori, bingana na 55% by'umusaruro w'umwaka. Mu 2023 na 2024, inyandiko z'ubuziranenge bw'urwo ruganda zagaragaje ibibazo bitatu bifitanye isano mu gihe cyo gukonjesha: Kudahuza kw'ubushuhe. Uruganda rw'ibiryo bikonjesha rw'ibirayi ruriho, rwatangiye gukora mu 2010 kandi rufite ubushobozi bwa 10 TPH, rwakoraga amata afite ubushuhe kuva kuri 13.8% kugeza 15.5% mu byiciro by'umusaruro. Itandukaniro ryagaragaye ni uko umwuka unyura mu buryo butaringaniye mu bugari bw'uru ruganda ndetse n'ingorane zo kugumana ubujyakuzimu bw'ibiryo bikonjesha by'ibirayi ku buryo bungana, nk'imbogamizi y'ubu bukonje. Ibice bisohoka ku mpera y'uru rwego byagiye birenga 14% by'umubare w'ibipimo byo kubika igihe kirekire. Icyorezo cy'ibihumyo mu gihe cy'ibihe. Hagati ya Kamena na Nzeri 2024, uru ruganda rwagaragaje impanuka 17 zitandukanye zo kwanga abakiriya ziterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ibihumyo mu duce twabitswe. Isesengura rya laboratwari ryakorewe muri laboratwari yigenga ipima ibiryo i Cork ryemeje ko ubwoko bwa Aspergillus na Penicillium mu bipimo byafashwe. Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse ku mikorobe yo kubika ibiryo bwerekana ko ubwoko bwa Aspergillus bumera mu gihe amazi arimo hejuru ya 0.75% kuri 0.80%, bingana na hafi 13.6% by'ubushuhe kuri 25% kuri selisiyusi. Mu bigega by'ibiryo byo mu mirima bidashyushye byo muri Irilande, aho ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 14% na 0% kandi ubushuhe buri hejuru ya 80%, uduce dufite ubushuhe buri hejuru ya 14% nyuma yo gukonja butanga ishingiro ry'ihindagurika ry'ibihumyo mu minsi 10 kugeza kuri 4 uhereye igihe bibitswe. Toni 280 z'ibicuruzwa byagarujwe byagaragaje igihombo cy'ubucuruzi kirenze ama-euro 85.000 hatabariwemo ikiguzi kidasobanutse cy'imibanire y'abakiriya yangiritse n'ihungabana ry'imikorere yo kongera gutunganya ibikoresho byagarujwe. Ingufu zidahagije. Ingufu ebyiri z'icyuma gikonjesha umukandara w'ubutare za 15 kW zakoresheje hafi 28 kWh kuri toni imwe y'ibice bikonjesha hafi 35% hejuru y'igipimo cya none cyo gukonjesha umukandara w'ubutare bwa mm 6.0. Ingufu nyinshi zagaragaje inzira ndende y'umwuka n'imiterere y'imikandara y'ubutare, aho umwuka ukonjesha unyura mu bice byinshi mu buryo butandukanye bw'ubushyuhe aho kuba inzira imwe inyura mu mukandara w'ubutare. 3. Igisubizo: Hongyang SKLN Counterflow Cooler Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibitekerezo by'inganda eshatu z'ibikoresho by'i Burayi n'umucuruzi umwe wo muri Aziya, uruganda rwahisemo icyuma gikonjesha cyo mu bwoko bwa Hongyang SKLN 25脳25. Icyo cyemezo cyatewe n'ibintu bitatu: imiterere y'ubushuhe bwagaragaye mu bijyanye n'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi, ubushake bwa Hongyang bwo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiterere y'urukuta rw'amazi hakurikijwe ingano ya mm 6.0 z'umukiriya, n'ikiguzi cy'imari kingana na 35% munsi y'ibikoresho byakozwe mu Burayi bikoreshwa mu gupima amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki byo gushyiraho: Igipimo: Ibisobanuro Icyitegererezo: Hongyang SKLN 25脳25 Ubushobozi: 10鈥?2 TPH (udupira tw'amata 6.0 mm) Icyumba cyo gukonjesha: 2,500 脳 2,500 mm Uburebure bw'igitanda cya pellet: 800鈥?,200 mm (ishobora guhindurwa) Uburyo bwo gusohora: Gusohora mu buryo buhindagurika hakoreshejwe sensor y'urwego rw'igitanda ya digitale Umufana mukuru: 22 kW centrifugal, Ingano y'umwuka igenzurwa na VFD: 24,000鈥?8,000 m鲁/h Agasanduku k'umwuka gatanga umwuka: Icyuma kitagira umugozi gifite imyenge, umurambararo w'umwobo wa mm 3, ahantu hafunguye 35% Kubaka: Icyuma gikozwe muri galvanize, icyuma kitagira umugozi gifite ubuso bufatanye n'ibicuruzwa Igihe cyo kubika: iminota 8?2 Ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka: Ahantu + 3鈥?掳C Ihame ryo gukonjesha rijyanye n'amazi ritanga uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bungana kurusha imiterere y'umukandara utambitse. Uduce dushyushye twinjira hejuru y’inkingi (75°C na 5°C) tumanuka mu nkingi y’umwuka uri mu kirere. Umwuka ushyushye cyane, wuzuyemo ubushuhe bwinshi usohoka hejuru mu gihe umwuka ukonje cyane kandi wumye ugenda uhura n’uduce duto uko twegereye aho dusohoka ku gice cyo hasi. Mu gihe uduce duto tuvamo, tuba twageranye n’umugezi w’umwuka uri mu kirere, bigatuma ubushyuhe busohoka buri hagati ya 3°C n’uduce duto ... 4. Ibisubizo: Icyegeranyo cy'umusaruro w'amezi cumi n'abiri. Ikigo cy'ubukonje cya SKLN cyashyizweho mu gihe cy'iminsi itandatu cyari giteganyijwe gufungwa muri Mutarama 2025, gishyirwa mu gice cy'ubutaka cyari gisanzweho nta guhindurwa kw'ishingiro. Injeniyeri wa Hongyang yamaze iminsi itatu aho yari ari kugira ngo apime uburebure bw'igitanda, umuvuduko w'umufana, n'umuvuduko wo gusohora amata kuri buri ruganda mu mavuta atanu y'amata. Amezi cumi n'abiri y'amakuru agereranya umusaruro (nyuma yo gushyirwaho ugereranije n'umwaka ushize): Igipimo: Mbere (Umukandara Utambitse): Nyuma (Hongyang SKLN): Impinduka Ubushyuhe bwa Pellet bwa nyuma: 13.8鈥? 5.5%: 12.8鈥? 3.2%: Impinduka zagabanutse 75% Ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka (hejuru y'ikirere): 8鈥? 4掳C: 3鈥? 掳C: Muri gahunda yo kwangwa n'ibihumyo: 17 (280 MT): 0: Ingufu zo gukonjesha zakuweho (kWh/MT): 28: 22: 鈭? 1.4% Ibibazo by'abakiriya: 23: 2: 鈭? 1% Gukuraho kwangwa kw'ibihumyo byonyine byagaragaje ko byagabanutse buri mwaka birenga EUR 84.000 鈥? bishyura ikiguzi cyo kugura icyuma gikonjesha mu mwaka wa mbere w'akazi. Kugabanuka kw'ingufu 21.4% byagize uruhare mu kuzigama amashanyarazi buri mwaka ku gipimo cy'amashanyarazi yo mu bucuruzi muri Irilande mu 2025. Umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro w'uru ruganda yavuze mu ncamake itandukaniro ry'imikorere: “Hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha cya kera, twahoraga duhindura umuvuduko w'umufana n'ubujyakuzimu bw'igitanda tugerageza kugera ku ntego z'ubushuhe kandi twari tugifite ingano mbi. SKLN ikora nta ngaruka imaze gushyirwaho. Abakora bagenzura buri masaha abiri, kandi imibare iba ihagaze neza aho igomba kuba iri.” 5. Ingaruka zo mu nzira Abakiriya batatu b'aborozi b'amata bari barasubije ibiryo byagizweho ingaruka n'ibihumyo batanze ibitekerezo byihariye amezi atandatu nyuma yo gushyirwaho: Inka 280 zari hafi ya Mallow, zari zarasubije toni 22 z'ibihumyo byagizweho ingaruka n'ibihumyo muri Kanama 2024, nta zindi mpanuka zavuze kandi zemeza ko ibihumyo bibitswe kugeza ku byumweru bitandatu mu bigega by'ubuhinzi bitwikiriwe nta bihumyo bihari. Inka 350 zari zisanzwe zikora hafi ya Fermoy, zari zarahindutse zijya mu gutanga amata make kandi kenshi kugira ngo hirindwe igihe kirekire cyo kubika, zongeye gutumiza amata menshi ku buryo bunini, bigabanya inshuro zo gutanga kuva ku cyumweru kugeza ku gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri, bigabanya amafaranga agera ku 1.400 by’amayero buri mwaka mu mafaranga y’ubwikorezi. Inka 180 zari zisanzwe hafi ya Midleton zagaragaje ko kugabanuka kw’amande mu buryo bwo kugaburira hanze y’inzu byagabanyije igihe cyo gusukura buri munsi ku minota 15, bikaba ari ukugabanya abakozi bake ariko bafite akamaro mu gihe cy’itumba aho abakozi basabwaga cyane. 6. Umwanzuro Ubunararibonye bw’uruganda rw’ibiryo bya Cork bugaragaza ko gukonjesha nyuma yo gukoresha amata menshi bishobora kuba ingingo y’ingenzi yo kugenzura niba ibiryo by’ibiryo bifite akamaro mu bucuruzi. Mu karere ka Irilande gafite ubushuhe bwinshi mu mazi, aho amata y’ibyatsi birimo ibintu bikozwe mu byatsi bibikwa mu bigega by’ubuhinzi bidashyushye mu mezi y’itumba, ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwa pellet buri kuri 13.5% cyangwa munsi yabyo ni ngombwa mu bucuruzi, ntabwo ari intego y’intego. Igikoresho gikonjesha cya Hongyang cya SKLN cyatanze ubu buryo buhamye binyuze mu byiza byo guhuza imiterere y’ikirere, aho umwuka ugera ku gipimo kimwe, uburinganire bw’ubushyuhe bushobora gutangwa mu gihe cyo gusohora, hamwe n’umwuka ugenzurwa na VFD hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryihariye ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Umusaruro: nta kwangwa kw’ibimera mu gihe cy’amezi cumi n’abiri cy’akazi, kugabanuka kwa 21% mu gukoresha ingufu zikonjesha, no kugarura icyizere cy’umukiriya ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Ku nganda zikora mu turere dufite ubushuhe bwinshi, Irilande, Ubwongereza, Scandinavia yo ku nkombe z’inyanja, Brittany, n’utundi duce dusa n’utwo mu nyanja, cyangwa gutunganya imiterere ya hygroscopic irimo beetroot, molasses, n’ibinyampeke by’ibinyabutabire bitose, iyi porogaramu itanga urugero rwiza rwo gusuzuma uburyo bwo gukonjesha nk’ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura sisitemu y’imikandara ishaje. Amakuru agaragaza ko kwishyurwa kw’imari binyuze mu gukuraho ibicuruzwa byanze gusa bishobora kubaho mu mezi 12, hamwe no kuzigama ingufu no kugumana abakiriya bitanga inyungu zirambye nyuma y’igihe cy’ishoramari rya mbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-13-2026
