Incamake y'Ubuyobozi
Inganda z'amata zo muri Isirayeli zifite umwihariko udasanzwe ku isi yose: umusaruro w'amata mwinshi cyane ku nka imwe ku isi. Ku kigero cya kilogarama 12.125 ku nka imwe ku mwaka mu 2024, Israel Holsteins zirusha izindi zo muri Danemark (10.777 kg), Esitoniya (11.350 kg), na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku kigero gishimishije, nk'uko Ikigo Gikuru cy'Ibarurishamibare cya Isirayeli kibitangaza. Inyuma y'uyu musaruro udasanzwe hari ibikorwa remezo bigezweho byo gukora ibiryo aho ubwiza bwa pellets budashobora kuganirwaho.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo uruganda rukora ibiryo by’amata mu gihugu cya Isiraheli, rukora uruganda mu gace ka Jezreel Valley mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Haifa rutanga udukarito twa TMR tw’amata ku bigo birenga 40 by’amata bya kibbutz na moshav, rwageze ku burambe buhoraho bwa udukarito, rugabanya amande, kandi rutanga umusaruro mwiza nyuma yo gushyiraho uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM-420 ring die pellet. Urwo ruganda rukora toni zigera ku 8.000 z’utudukarito tw’amata ku kwezi, rukorera amashyo yose hamwe akora litiro zirenga miliyoni 100 z’amata buri mwaka.
Incamake: Irushanwa ryo kugaburira amata muri Isirayeli
Urwego rw'amata muri Isirayeli rukora mu mbogamizi zituma ubuziranenge bw'ibiryo by'amatungo burushaho kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Amasambu 620 yo mu gihugu, mu mpera za 2024, acunga inka zigera ku 138.000 z'amata, aho abahinzi basanzwe bakora litiro miliyoni 2.5 buri mwaka. Bitandukanye n'ibigo binini by'amata muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa Nouvelle-Zélande, amasambu yo muri Isirayeli ni mato ariko akoresha cyane mu kuyacunga. Guhindura ibiryo neza, kugabanya ubushyuhe, no gukoresha neza ingano y'amata (TMR) ni ingenzi mu mikorere yabyo ku isi. Agaciro k'umusaruro w'amata muri Isirayeli kagera kuri shekeli miliyari 3.9 mu 2024, bingana na 9.6% by'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi.
Hari ibintu byinshi bihurirana bituma ubuziranenge bwa pellets buba ingenzi cyane cyane mu gihugu cya Isiraheli.
Gushingira ku biryo by'ibiryo bitumizwa mu mahanga. Isiraheli itumizwa mu mahanga igice kinini cy'ibiryo byayo, cyane cyane ibigori, ifu ya soya, n'ingano, bigatuma ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo bihinduka bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ku isi ndetse n'ihungabana ry'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Amakimbirane akomeje hagati y'Uburusiya na Ukraine ndetse n'ihungabana ry'ubwikorezi mu karere binyuze mu Nyanja Itukura byongereye ubu burwayi. Buri ngano y'ubushobozi bw'ibiryo buboneka binyuze mu bwiza bw'ibiryo by'ibiryo isobanura ko igabanuka ry'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga rituma umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa by'amata ugabanuka kandi ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa by'amata burushaho kwiyongera.
Umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bw'impeshyi mu kibaya cyo ku nkombe no mu bibaya byo mu gihugu cya Isirayeli buhora burenga dogere selisiyusi 35, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi ku nka zo mu bwoko bwa Israel. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Buhinzi cya Isirayeli (Independent Volcani Center) bwagaragaje ko inka zishyushye cyane zigabanya kurya ibiryo byumye ku kigero cya 10 kugeza kuri 20 ku ijana, bityo umusaruro w'amata ukagabanuka. Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi ya Isirayeli yavuze ko ubushyuhe bw'isi busaba ishoramari rihoraho mu buryo bwo gukonjesha no mu micungire kugira ngo umusaruro w'amata ukomeze kwiyongera. Ibiryo bishyushye, hamwe n'ubucucike bwabyo bwinshi n'umukungugu muke, bitera abantu kurya kenshi nubwo baba bafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko gusa iyo ubuziranenge bw'ibiryo bugumye mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ibiryo bishobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 40 mu byumba by'ibiryo bidafite igicucu.
Ibisabwa kugira ngo TMR ibe imwe. Abahanga mu mirire y'amata bo muri Isiraheli bashyiraho uburyo bwo kuringaniza ingufu, poroteyine, fibre, n'intungamubiri mu buryo bunoze cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa iyo habayeho ubwinshi bw'amata arenga litiro 50 ku munsi mu gihe cyo konsa cyane. Ubukana bw'amata no kuramba kwayo bigira ingaruka ku buryo amata yitwara mu byuma bivanga amata bya TMR. Amata yoroshye acikamo ibice bitandukanya amata mu byuma bivanga amata kandi inka zikirinda ku buryo bwihariye, bigatuma habaho ubusumbane mu mirire. Amata akomeye kandi aramba agumana ubuziranenge bwayo binyuze mu kuyavanga no kuyatanga, bigatuma buri kanwa karimo intungamubiri zakozwe.
Icyerekezo cyo guhuza inganda. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2024, umusaruro mpuzandengo kuri buri famu y’amata yo muri Isirayeli wiyongereyeho 26%, uva kuri litiro miliyoni 1.713 ugera kuri litiro miliyoni 2.516, mu gihe umubare w’amafa wagabanutse uva kuri 634 ugera kuri 620. Uku guhuza bivuze ko buri ruganda rutunganya ibiryo ubu rukorera abakiriya bake ariko benshi, aho ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’amapellet bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu.
Umukozi: Ivugurura ry'uruganda rutunganya ibiryo mu karere kugira ngo rukure
Uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’amatungo ruri hagati muri ubu bushakashatsi, ruherereye mu kibaya cya Jezreel mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Haifa, rwakoreye abaturage bo muri ako gace b’amata kuva mu 1998. Mbere rwari ikigo gito cyatangaga toni 2.000 ku kwezi z’ibiryo by’amata n’ibinyampeke, uru ruganda rwagiye rukura buhoro buhoro mu gihe ihuzwa ry’amata muri Isirayeli ryibanze ku musaruro mu mirima mike ariko ibyara umusaruro mwinshi.
Mu 2022, uru ruganda rwari rukora toni zigera ku 6.500 ku kwezi rukoresheje inganda ebyiri zishaje zikora pellet zikomoka ku nganda zo mu Burayi. Nubwo ibikoresho byari bihari, byari byegereje iherezo ry'ubuzima bwarwo bw'ubukungu. Ibibazo by'ingenzi mu mikorere byari birimo igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bwa Pellet (PDI) kiri hagati ya 92 na 93 ku ijana ku bikomoka ku mata, munsi ya 96 ku ijana by'intego byagenwe n'abahanga mu by'imirire ku bijyanye no gukoresha TMR; kwangirika gukabije kw'ingufu n'imizingo bisaba impinduka za pellet buri toni 1.200 kugeza 1.500; kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuva kuri 18 kugeza kuri 20 kWh kuri toni ku ikoreshwa rya pellet gusa; n'amande y'ibipimo byo kugaruza ibicuruzwa kuva kuri 4 kugeza kuri 5 ku ijana, bigaragaza igihombo cy'ibicuruzwa n'ikiguzi cyo kongera gutunganya.
Ubuyobozi bw'uru ruganda bwemeye ko kubungabunga buhoro buhoro no kuvugurura igice bitazakuraho icyuho. Hateganijwe ingengo y'imari yo gusimbuza umurongo umwe w'amashanyarazi mu 2023, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma buzaba buhuriweho n'abatanga ibicuruzwa baturutse i Burayi, mu Bushinwa na Turukiya.
Umuti: Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill
Nyuma y’isuzuma ry’amezi atandatu ryakozwe rikubiyemo gusura ahantu hagenewe ubuvuzi bw’inkoko mu Misiri no mu nganda zitunganya ibiryo by’amata muri Etiyopiya, igeragezwa ry’ibimera hakoreshejwe ingero z’ibimera, n’ibiganiro birambuye bya tekiniki n’itsinda ry’abahanga rya Hongyang, uru ruganda rwahisemo uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM-420 ring die pellet kugira ngo rushyirwe ku murongo warwo w’ibanze w’ibiryo by’amata.
HYPM-420, igice cya Hongyang's ring die series, ifite umurambararo wa die imbere wa mm 420 hamwe n'ubugari bukora neza bwa mm 120, itwarwa na moteri nkuru ya kW 110. Ibintu byinshi bya tekiniki byagize ingaruka ku guhitamo.
Ibikoresho bya Hongyang byo gucukura imbunda bikorerwa ku bikoresho byo gucukura imbunda bya CNC no gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ingufu, aho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure bw'imyobo buguma muri 0.05mm cyangwa 0.4mm, kandi uburyo bwo gukanda bushobora guhindurwa kuva kuri 1:4 kugeza 1:12. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amata muri Isiraheli, hashyizweho umurambararo w'imyobo ya 8mm ifite igipimo cyo gukanda cya 1:7, byakozwe neza kugira ngo uru ruganda rukore 35% bya sayiri, 25% by'ibigori, 18% by'ifu ya soya, na 22% by'ingano n'amabuye y'agaciro.
Uburyo bwo guhindura ibyuma byigenga bya HYPM butuma ababikora bagumana ubwiherero bwiza mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima bw’ibiryo badakuyeho uruziga, cyane cyane ingirakamaro aho impinduka nyinshi hagati y’ibiryo by’amata, inka yumye, n’inka z’inka zikenera koroshya ubwiherero bw’ibiryo byihuse.
HYPM-420 yahujwe n'icyuma gikonjesha gifite ibyiciro bibiri gitanga igihe cyo kubika amasegonda 90, gifite valve y'umwuka ihindura ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 1°C na 1°C n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 78 na 82°C n'ibiryo by'amata, bihagije mu gukwirakwiza gelatin mu mata no kugenzura indwara zitangiza ubushyuhe.
Hongyang yatanze ibikoresho byo gushushanya ibinyampeke bifite chromium nyinshi (HRC 58-62) byo gukora ibinyampeke bifite chromium nyinshi, bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bukenewe ku gihe cy’imikorere y’uru ruganda amasaha 20 ku munsi, iminsi itandatu mu cyumweru.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa n'ibyavuye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Gushyiramo byarangiye mu gihe cyari giteganyijwe cyo gufunga mu minsi 10 muri Werurwe 2023. HYPM-420 yashyizwe mu murongo wari usanzwe uri hejuru y'icyuma gikonjesha gikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amazi ndetse no munsi y'uburyo bwo gukusanya no kuvanga bw'uruganda. Hongyang yohereje injeniyeri mukuru ushinzwe imirimo wagenzuraga ishyirwaho ry'imashini, guhuza amashanyarazi, ndetse anatanga amahugurwa ku bakoresha mu minsi itanu.
Umusaruro wongeye kugaragara ku murongo mushya ku kigero cya 70% by'ubushobozi bwo gukora mu cyumweru cya mbere, ugera ku musaruro wose ku munsi wa munani. Nyuma y'amezi 14 y'imikorere idahwema kugeza muri Mata 2024, amasaha agera ku 8.400 y'akazi, uru ruganda rwatangaje ibipimo bikurikira by'imikorere ugereranije n'umurongo rwasimbuye.
Umusaruro w’ibinyampeke bya 8mm byazamutse kuva kuri toni 4.2 ku isaha kugera kuri toni 5.8 ku isaha, bikaba byarazamutseho 38 ku ijana. Igipimo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’ibinyampeke, cyapimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa tumble box, cyavuye kuri 92 kigera kuri 93 ku ijana kigera kuri 96.5 kugeza kuri 97.5 ku ijana. Igipimo cy’imisoro cyagabanutse kuva kuri 4 kugeza kuri 5 ku ijana kigera kuri 1.2 kugeza kuri 1.8 ku ijana, bikaba byaragabanutseho 65 ku ijana. Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ryagabanutse kuva kuri 18 kugeza kuri 20 kWh kuri toni kugera kuri 14.2 kugeza kuri 15.5 kWh kuri toni, bikaba byaragabanutseho 22 ku ijana. Igihe cyo gukoresha ibinyampeke bya 8mm cyavuye kuri toni 1.200 kugeza kuri toni 1.500 kigera kuri toni zirenga 3.800, birenga inshuro zirenga 2.5. Igihe cyo gukoresha ibinyampeke bya 8mm cyavuye kuri toni 600 kugeza kuri toni 800 kigera kuri toni zirenga 2.200, bikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu ugereranije n’igihe cyo gukoresha mbere. Igihe cyo kuruhuka kitari giteganyijwe cyagabanutse kiva ku masaha 8 kigera kuri 12 buri kwezi kigera ku masaha 2 kugeza kuri 3.
Iterambere rikomeye ku bakiriya b'aborozi b'amata bo muri urwo ruganda ni ukwiyongera kwa PDI kuva kuri 92 kugeza kuri 93 ku ijana kugera kuri 96.5 kugeza kuri 97.5 ku ijana. Mu buryo bufatika, ibi byasobanuraga ko pellets zageraga mu mashini zivanga za TMR zo mu mirima zitangiritse cyane, bigabanyije amande yazaga mu gihe yari yarundanyijwe mu busitani bw'ibiryo by'amatungo kandi inka zikabyanga. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuziranenge bw'uru ruganda yavuze ko ibirego by'abakiriya bijyanye n'ubwiza bwa pellets, byari bigeze kuri eshatu kugeza kuri enye ku kwezi ku bikoresho byabanje, byagabanutse kugeza kuri zeru mu mezi atandatu nyuma y'ishyirwaho rya HYPM.
Ingaruka ku Bakiriya: Ibyo Abahinzi b'Amata Babonye
Abakiriya b'uru ruganda barimo imirima iri hagati y'inka 150 na 800 zororerwamo umukamo, hamwe n'ubunini bw'inka zigera kuri 320. Harimo inka nyinshi zitungwa n'ibinyampeke gusa nk'igice cya TMR irimo silage y'ibigori, silage y'ingano, ubwatsi bw'ibimera, n'ibindi bikomoka ku nganda z'ibiribwa zo mu gace.
Abayobozi batatu b'ibigo by'amata babajijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi batangaje ko ibyo babonye bihoraho nyuma yo kuvugurura umurongo w'inganda zikora amata.
Inka 500 zo mu karere ka Galilee yo hejuru zari zarabonye amande agaragara mu matungo y’ibiryo nyuma yo gutanga TMR, cyane cyane mu mezi y’impeshyi aho amatungo yabaga akunze koroha bitewe n’ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo kuvugururwa, umuyobozi w’ubuhinzi yavuze ko nta matungo yangiritse mu buryo bugaragara mu matungo y’ibiryo, aho buri munsi amatungo y’ibiryo agaragaza ko akoreshwa kimwe mu buryo bumwe mu matungo yose.
Umuhanga mu by'imirire utanga amata y'inka 380 ya kibbutz hafi ya Afula yakurikiranye ijanisha ry'ibinure n'amata na poroteyine mbere na nyuma yo kuyakuramo. Nubwo hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'amata, uyu muhanga mu by'imirire yavuze ko ijanisha ry'ibinure by'amata ryagabanutse kuva ku gipimo cya 0.22 ku ijana mbere yo kuyakuramo kugeza ku 0.12 ku ijana nyuma yo kuyakuramo, bitewe nuko intungamubiri zitangwa buri gihe n'amata agumana ubuziranenge binyuze mu kuvanga no kuyagaburira TMR.
Isosiyete y’amata ya Moshav ifite inka 280 yabaze ko kugabanuka kw’ibura ry’ibiryo by’amatungo, mbere byari hagati ya 1.5 na 2 ku ijana by’ibiryo byatakajwe mu gihe bitararibwa, hamwe no kunoza imikorere y’ibiryo by’amatungo, byagabanyije igiciro cy’ibiryo kuri litiro imwe y’amata yakozwe hagati ya ILS 0.03 na 0.04. Mu gikorwa cyo gukora litiro miliyoni 2.8 buri mwaka, ibi byagaragaje ko byagabanyije igiciro cy’ibiryo hagati ya ILS 84.000 na 112.000, bingana n’amayero agera ku 21.000 na 28.000 ku mwaka.
Uruhare rwa Hongyang: Uretse gutanga ibikoresho
Umushinga wo muri Isiraheli ugaragaza ibintu byinshi bijyanye n'uburyo Hongyang Feed Machinery ikora.
Itsinda rya tekiniki rya Hongyang ryasesenguye ubwoko bwose bw'ibikomoka ku mata mu nganda, harimo n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho fatizo biboneka nk'ingano y'impeshyi ugereranyije n'ingano z'itumba hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibigori na soya, kandi ryakoze ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburebure bw'ibiryo mu myobo kugira ngo rirusheho kunoza umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku mata mu buryo butandukanye.
Gahunda y'iminsi itanu yo gutanga no guhugura abakozi mu kigo yatanzwe yakubiyemo uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho, gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe byo gutera ibinyabiziga birimo gupfuka, gutera ibinyabiziga byoroshye, n'amande arenze urugero, hamwe n'amabwiriza yo kubika inyandiko atuma habaho gahunda yo kubungabunga amakuru. Umuyobozi mukuru w'uru ruganda, wari ufite uburambe bw'imyaka 18 mu gutera ibinyabiziga, yavuze ko aya mahugurwa ari uburyo bwo kohereza ibikoresho mu buryo bunoze cyane yahawe n'umucuruzi uwo ari we wese.
Ubwo uru ruganda rwahuraga n’igabanuka ry’umusaruro mu mezi 10, amaherezo rukagaragara ko rwavuye ku gikoresho cyo gusukamo umwuka cyashaje kigabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya neza, itsinda ry’abatekinisiye ba Hongyang ryasuzumye ikibazo mu masaha ane nyuma yo kwakira amakuru ajyanye n’imikorere yacyo, birinda impinduka zidakenewe kandi bizigama amayero agera ku 3.500 mu bice no mu gihe cyo kuruhuka.
Umwanzuro
Umusaruro w'amata ku rwego rw'isi mu nganda z'amata zo muri Isirayeli si impanuka y'uturemangingo gusa. Ugaragaza uburyo buri kintu cyose gitangwa, harimo n'uturemangingo, imirire, imicungire, kugenzura ikirere, no gukora ibiryo, gitunganywa kugira ngo gishyigikire imikorere idasanzwe y'ibinyabuzima. Ubwiza bw'amata, nubwo akenshi butabonwa n'umuguzi, ni ingenzi cyane muri uru ruhererekane.
Ubunararibonye bw'uru ruganda rw'ibiryo bya Jezreel Valley bugaragaza ko ibikoresho bikwiye byo gutekeshamo amata, byakozwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye byo gutunganya ibiryo by'amata kandi bigashyigikirwa n'ubufatanye bw'ikoranabuhanga, bitanga umusaruro ufatika mu kuramba kw'amata, imikorere myiza y'umusaruro, ndetse n'umusaruro ku musaruro w'amata mu buhinzi.
Uruganda rwa Hongyang Feed Machinery rukora HYPM ring die pellet mill, rwujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo rugaburire inka z’amata zitanga umusaruro mwinshi ku isi, rwagaragaje ko rufite umwanya mu buhinzi busaba cyane gukora ibiryo by’amatungo ku isi.
Ku bijyanye n'imashini zitunganya ibiryo bya Hongyang: Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. yihariye mu gushushanya, gukora no gutanga utwuma duto duto, utwuma duto duto, utwuma duto duto, utwuma duto duto duto, udukoresho duto duto two gukaraba, n'imirongo yose ikora ibiryo by'amatungo. Ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga makumyabiri mu nganda, Hongyang ikorera abakora ibiryo by'amatungo mu bihugu birenga 50 mu bijyanye n'inkoko, amatungo, ibiryo by'amazi n'ibiribwa by'amatungo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-13-2026
