Isosiyete ikora ibiryo by’amatungo yo muri Rumaniya ikora ibiryo by’ingurube mu karere ka Banat yasimbuje uruganda rwayo rushaje rw’i Burayi rwitwa pellet mill n’uruganda rwa Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet mill mu mpera za 2024. Mu mezi atandatu imaze gutangira, uru ruganda rwageze ku musaruro uhamye wa toni 12 ku isaha ku biryo bisanzwe byo kurangiza ingurube (3.5 mm die), pellet durability index (PDI) buri gihe hejuru ya 96%, ndetse no kugabanuka gushoboka mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuri toni y’ibiryo byarangiye. Mu gihe abakora ubworozi bo muri Rumaniya bahura n’ikiguzi cy’ibiryo by’amatungo kigera kuri 65% by’amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu bikorwa, ubwizerwe n’imikorere myiza y’umurongo wo guteka pellet byabaye ikintu gikomeye mu gukomeza guhangana n’ingo z’ubuhinzi.
Imiterere y'ibiryo by'ingurube byo muri Rumaniya: Igitutu cy'umupaka n'ibikenewe mu bikoresho
Urwego rw'ibiryo by'amatungo muri Rumaniya ruri mu kaga gakomeye. Nk'uko amakuru ya Eurostat abivuga, ibiciro by'ibigori na sayiri - ibikoresho by'ibanze mu mirire y'ingurube - byazamutseho 18% hagati ya 2023 na 2024, mu gihe ikiguzi rusange cy'imirire y'amatungo cyazamutseho 25%. Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (INS) cyagaragaje ko amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere y'ubworozi bw'amatungo yo muri Rumaniya yiyongereyeho 14% muri icyo gihe. Kubera ko ibiryo bingana na 65% by'ikiguzi cyose cy'umusaruro mu rwego rw'ingurube, buri kigero cy'umusaruro wabonetse mu ruganda rw'ibiryo by'amatungo gisobanura ko hari amahirwe yo kubaho.
Ubuhinzi bw'ingurube muri Rumaniya buri hejuru cyane ukurikije amahame y'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba. Iki gihugu ni cyo gicumbikiye kimwe mu bigo binini cyane byo mu Burayi bicuruza ingurube - Comtim Romania, ishami rya Smithfield ryashoye imari irenga miliyoni 600 z'amadolari y'Amerika kuva mu 2004 mu bworozi bugezweho, uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by'amatungo, n'inganda zitunganya ibiryo. Isoko rikoresha toni zirenga miliyoni 4 z'ibiryo by'inganda buri mwaka, cyane cyane mu matsinda y'inkoko n'ingurube. Ku bakora ibiryo byo mu rwego rwo hagati bakorera amashami y'ubworozi mu karere, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubuziranenge buhamye ku giciro cyiza si amahitamo - ni ikintu kigomba gukorwa kugira ngo umuntu akomeze gukora ubucuruzi.
Muri urwo rwego, uruganda rutunganya ibiryo rw’ingurube rwo muri Banat, rukora toni zigera ku 80.000 z’ibiryo by’ingurube ku mwaka mu burengerazuba bwa Rumaniya, rwatangiye gusuzuma umurongo warwo wo gukusanya ibiryo mu ntangiriro za 2024. Uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’ingurube rwari rusanzweho, imashini y’ikirango cy’i Burayi yari imaze imyaka irenga icumi ikora, rwatangaga umusaruro udasanzwe - hagati ya toni 9 na 11 ku isaha bitewe n’imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo - kandi rukora ibiryo by’ingurube bifite agaciro ka PDI rimwe na rimwe byagabanukaga munsi ya 92%, bigatuma abahinzi b’ibigo by’abakiriya binubira amande menshi mu biryo byatanzwe.
Icyemezo cyo gusuzuma igisubizo cy'impeta y'Abashinwa
Itsinda ry’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ry’uru ruganda ryari ryabanje gushaka undi muntu wo kurusimbura mu batanga serivisi bakomeye bo mu Burayi. Ariko, igihe cyo gukoresha amafaranga kirenze amezi atandatu n’ikiguzi cy’imari byari bigoye gusobanura mu mwaka muto byatumye hashakishwa cyane. Binyuze ku mucuruzi w’ibikoresho ukora mu rwego rw’ibiryo byo mu Burayi bwo hagati n’ubw’Iburasirazuba, itsinda ryamenyeshejwe Hongyang Feed Machinery, uruganda rw’Abashinwa rwihariye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa ring die pellet n’ibice byo mu bwoko bwa ring die kuva mu 2006.
Igitekerezo cya Hongyang cyari cyoroshye: uruganda rukora pellet rwakozwe ku buryo bunoze kandi rukora neza, rwibanda ku bwiza bw'ibikoresho no ku buryo ibintu bihora bihinduka aho kuba ibyamamazwa. Udupira tw'impeta tw'ikigo dukorerwa ku duce duto two gucukura imbunda twa CNC, dukoresha ubushyuhe bw'ifuru ikoresha vacuum franc kugira ngo tubone ubukana bungana, kandi tugakorerwa isuzuma rya ultrasound kuri buri kintu cyose cyakozwe mbere yo kugitunganya. Aya ni amakuru arambuye ya tekiniki ahuza abahanga mu by'ubuziranenge bamaze imyaka myinshi bashinzwe kwangirika no gusimbuza udupira.
Ubuyobozi bw'uruganda rw'ibiryo bwari bukora neza. Basabye abantu bashobora kubahamagara mu bikorwa bisa n'ibyo, maze bahabwa amakuru ya PDI yatanzwe n'umucuruzi w'ibiryo by'ingurube mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cy'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (babyemerewe n'abakiriya). Ayo makuru yagaragaje ko umusaruro wa toni 11.5-12 ku isaha ku gipimo cya 3.5 mm ku gipimo cyo kurangiza ibiryo mu gihe cy'amezi 18, igihe cy'ubuzima bwa ring die kirenga amasaha 6.000 mbere yo kongera kuvugurura. Iyi mibare ihuye n'icyo uruganda rwa Banat rwari rukeneye. Uruganda rwa HYPM508 ring die pellet rwatumijwe hagati mu 2024 rutangira gukoreshwa mu Gushyingo.
Gutanga serivisi no gukora: Amezi atandatu y'amakuru
Umuyobozi w’uruganda yasobanuye ko igikorwa cyo gutanga serivisi “kidashoboka mu buryo bwiza bushoboka.” Itsinda rya tekiniki rya Hongyang, ryari rihari iminsi itatu, ryakurikiranye uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu, gukora isuku, no gusuzuma ibipimo bya mbere. Itsinda rya mbere ry’uruganda - ifunguro risanzwe ry’ibigori na soya - rigizwe n’indyo y’ingurube ikoze mu ifu y’ibigori hamwe na 15% by’ingano - ryageze kuri toni 11.8 ku isaha mu masaha ane uhereye igihe ryatangiriye.
Mu mpera z'ukwezi kwa mbere kuzuye, uru ruganda rwahoraga rukora kuri toni 12.0-12.3 ku isaha ku buryo bumwe, aho moteri yashoboraga guhagarara ku kigero cya 88% by'ubushobozi bwayo. Ibi byatumye habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibikoresho cyangwa impinduka mu bihe by'umwaka - ikigereranyo cy'imiterere y'ibinyampeke bya Rumaniya cyari cyarasabye by'umwihariko bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubwiza bw'ibinyampeke bya Rumaniya uko umwaka utashye.
Ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'amapellet byakuruye ibitekerezo byihuse mu ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'uruganda. Agaciro ka PDI, kapimwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Holmen NHP100 (uburyo busanzwe bw'amasegonda 30), kahagaze ku kigereranyo cya 96.3% mu matsinda 120 yapimwe mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu. Itandukaniro risanzwe muri aya matsinda ryari rito cyane, bigaragaza ko kuramba kw'amapellet atari hejuru gusa ahubwo byari biteganyijwe. Ingano y'amande mu biryo byarangiye mu gasanduku kabikwagamo yari munsi ya 1.5% buri gihe, ugereranije na 3-5% munsi y'ibikoresho byabanje.
Inzobere mu mirire y’ingurube z’umukiriya yagaragaje inyungu itunguranye: uburyo bwo kurya ibiryo mu bworozi bwarushijeho kuba bwiza. “Iyo ingurube zakiriye ibiryo bifite imiterere ihoraho—bitatandukanye kuva ku modoka zitwara kugeza ku modoka zitwara ibiryo mu bijyanye no gukomera kwa pellet n’amande—uburyo bwo kurya buhora buhagaze. Ibi ni ibintu bigaragara mu makuru y’impinduka z’ibiryo mu gihe cy’ikura ryuzuye,” uyu muhanga mu mirire yabisobanuye mu isuzuma ryakozwe buri gihembwe. Nubwo itsinda ry’uruganda ryitondeye kudashyira iterambere rya FCR mu mpinduka zo kurya pellet gusa—ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubuhinzi—isano iri hagati y’ubwiza bwa pellet buhoraho n’uburyo bwo kurya burambye yafatwaga nk’inyungu ifatika mu mikorere.
Impeta Ipfa Hagati mu Nkuru
Indabyo y'impeta ubwayo ikwiye kwitabwaho. Hongyang yakoze indabyo ifite uburebure bwa mm 3.5 × 75 mm kuri iyi gahunda, ikoresheje icyuma cya X46Cr13-stainless steel - icyuma cya martensitic chromium stainless steel gifite hafi 0.46% bya karuboni itanga ubukana bw'ubukomere (ubusanzwe HRC 52-55 nyuma yo kuvurwa ubushyuhe) n'ubukomere. Iri hitamo ry'ibikoresho rigaragaza ubucuruzi bwihariye bw'ubuhanga: ibyuma bifite karuboni nyinshi bishobora kugira ubukomere bwinshi ariko bishobora gutuma bidakomera bitewe n'imitwaro igaragara mu kugaburira ingurube, cyane cyane iyo imiterere irimo ibintu bifite uturemangingo nk'ingano cyangwa ifu y'ibihwagari (byombi bikunze kugaragara mu mirire y'ingurube zo muri Rumaniya).
Imiterere y'umwobo w'uru rusaku rw'amazi yakozwe mu buryo burambuye: igice cyo kwinjiramo gifite imiterere mito kugira ngo kiyobore ifu isanzwe mu gace gashyirwamo amazi, igice cy'ubutaka gifite uruziga kugira ngo habeho utubuto, n'aho gusohokera kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko w'umugongo no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusohora amazi. Iyi miterere si iya Hongyang gusa - igaragaza amahame yashyizweho yo gushushanya umwobo w'amazi - ariko uburyo yakoreshejwe mu myobo yose byemejwe n'itsinda ry'ubuziranenge bw'uru rusaku hakoreshejwe ibipimo byo kujya/kubura kujya mu gihe cyo gusuzuma mbere yo gushyiraho.
Nyuma y'amezi atandatu n'amasaha agera ku 3.200 yo gukora, icyuma cyagaragaje ubusa busa nta kimenyetso cy'uko cyacitse, cyacitse cyangwa cyacitse. Umuyobozi w'uruganda yateganyaga ko igihe cyo gukora cyazaba nibura amasaha 7.000 mbere yo kongera kuvugurura, hashingiwe ku bipimo by'isakara byafashwe mu igenzura ry'amasaha 3.000. Iki gipimo, nigishyirwa mu bikorwa, cyashyira igiciro cy'isakara kuri toni y'ibiryo byarangiye munsi cyane y'ikigereranyo cy'amateka cy'uruganda.
Ingufu n'Ikiguzi: Imibare Ifite Ishingiro
Ingufu zikoreshwa ni cyo giciro kinini gihinduka mu gusya, kandi ni cyo gipimo umugenzuzi w’imari w’uruganda rwa Banat yarebaga cyane. Mu bikoresho byabanje, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu muri moteri y’uruganda rwa pellet ryari impuzandengo ya 19.2 kWh kuri toni y’ibiryo byarangiye. Nyuma yo kunoza ibipimo by’imikorere by’uruganda rwa Hongyang - by’umwihariko, hahinduwe ubushyuhe bwo kongerera umwuka ubushyuhe kuri 78°C n’umuvuduko w’ingufu kugira ngo bihuze n’imiterere y’ifunguro - impuzandengo y’ikoreshwa yageze kuri 17.1 kWh/t, igabanuka rya hafi 11%.
Ku musaruro wa buri mwaka wa toni 55.000 z'ibiryo by'ingurube byashyizwe mu macupa (ibisigaye by'umusaruro wa toni 80.000 z'uruganda ni ibiryo by'ifu byo korora ingurube), uku kuzigama kWh/t 2.1 bivuze ko bingana na kWh 115.500 ku mwaka. Ku giciro mpuzandengo cy'amashanyarazi mu nganda muri Rumaniya kingana na EUR 0.13 kuri kWh (imibare ya Eurostat ya 2024), kuzigama ingufu ku mwaka ungana na EUR 15.000. Nubwo bitahindura impinduka ubwabyo, uku kuzigama bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya agaciro k'uruganda kuri toni mu gihe abakora ibiryo by'ingurube muri Rumaniya barimo kwiyungura ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo.
Igipimo cya Hongyang: Icyo uru rubanza rugaragaza
Iyi nyigo ntabwo igaragazwa nk'inkuru y'intsinzi yihariye. Igaragaza imiterere yagaragaye mu masoko menshi aho inganda za Hongyang ring die pellet zashyizwe: kwibanda ku bintu by'ibanze mu nganda - ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho, imashini zikora neza, no guhuza imikorere - bituma ibikoresho byizewe nta kirego gikomeye cyo kwamamaza.
Hongyang Feed Machinery, ifite icyicaro i Liyang, mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, mu Bushinwa, imaze igihe kinini ikora ibyuma bicukura imbunda kuva mu 2006. Iyi sosiyete ikora imashini zicukura imbunda za CNC zifite umurongo wa gatanu, amatanura ashyushye, n'ibigo bicukura ahantu henshi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, aho ikomeza gucukura imbunda ku muvuduko ukabije. Buri mashini idafite icyuma igenzurwa na ultrasound mbere yo kuyitunganya - intambwe yo kugenzura ubuziranenge isanzwe mu nganda zikora indege n'imodoka ariko idakunze kugaragara mu ikorwa ry'ibikoresho rusange bicukura imbunda. Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa by'iyi sosiyete rukubiyemo ibyuma bicukura imbunda kuva kuri mm 200 kugeza kuri mm 600 z'umurambararo, ibyuma bicukura imbunda, n'ibikoresho by'inganda bicukura imbunda, bihuye n'ibirango bikomeye by'itangazamakuru byo mu Burayi no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ubunararibonye bw'uruganda rwa Banat muri Hongyang bugaragaza impinduka nini ku isoko ry'ibikoresho byo kugaburira ibiryo ku isi: ubushake bwiyongera mu nganda z'ibiryo by'i Burayi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma ibikoresho by'Abashinwa ku bushobozi bwabyo mu bya tekiniki aho gusuzuma igihugu zikomokamo. Iyo uruganda rukora ibiryo by'impeta rushobora kugaragaza umusaruro uhamye, ubwiza bwa pellet buhamye, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ryemewe, n'ubufasha bwa tekiniki bwihuta, uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko buba ingirakamaro aho kuba nk'ibitekerezo.
Amasomo y'imikorere ya Feed Millers
Muri ubu buryo bwo gushyiraho ibiryo, hagaragaye ibitekerezo byinshi ku mikorere bishobora kuba isomo ku bandi bakora ibiryo by’amatungo bashaka kuvugurura imiyoboro yo koza ingano:
Ibipimo by'inganda bipima ingano y'inganda bifite akamaro kurusha uko benshi mu basya babitekereza. Icyemezo cy'itsinda rya Banat cyo gukorana n'abahanga mu by'inganda za Hongyang ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'inganda zipima ingano ...
Ibipimo byo gukamura umwuka bifitanye isano na sisitemu. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukamura iyi formulaire (78°C) bwagenwe binyuze mu kuvugurura inshuro nyinshi mu kwezi kwa mbere k'imikorere. Imiterere y'ingufu yari isanzweho kuva ku ruganda rwa pellet rwabanje ntiyahise yimuka; imiterere y'uru ruganda rushya n'imiterere yarwo byasabaga kongera gupima. Millers bagomba gushyira igihe n'uburyo bwo kwitabwaho muri iki cyiciro cyo kunoza.
Ubudasa bwa PDI ni ingenzi kimwe n'impuzandengo ya PDI. Itsinda ry'ubuziranenge bw'uruganda rwa Banat ryagaragaje ko kuramba kwa pellet gutandukanye cyane bitewe n'itsinda rimwe na rimwe bitera ibibazo byo gufata no kugaburira ku rwego rw'ubuhinzi, nubwo PDI isanzwe yemewe. Itandukaniro rikomeye rya PDI ry'uruganda rwa Hongyang (amanota 0.7 ku ijana) ryafatwaga nk'iry'agaciro kurusha impuzandengo iri hejuru gato ifite itandukaniro rikomeye.
Umwanzuro
Mu isoko ry’ibiryo by’ingurube muri Rumaniya aho abakora ibiryo by’ingurube biyongeraho 25% ku giciro cy’imirire y’amatungo, kuba ibikoresho byizewe si ikintu cy’agaciro - ni ikintu cy’ingenzi ku ngengo y’imari yo kubaho. Ubunararibonye bw’uruganda rwa Banat rukora ibiryo by’ingurube rwa Hongyang HYPM bugaragaza ko umusaruro uhamye, ubwiza bwa pellet buhoraho, no kuzigama ingufu zipimirwa bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bishyira imbere ibintu by’ibanze mu nganda kuruta ubwoko bw’ikirango. Ku bakora ibiryo by’ingurube basuzuma ishoramari ryabo mu miyoboro y’ibiryo bahanganye no gukaza inyungu, imibare yo muri uru rubanza itanga urugero rw’ingirakamaro: umusaruro uhamye wa 12 t / h, impuzandengo ya PDI ya 96.3%, kuzigama ingufu za 2.1 kWh / t, na ring die iri ku murongo mu gihe cy’amasaha 7.000. Uruhare rwa Hongyang muri iki gikorwa rwari rworoshye: imashini yakozwe neza, itangwa ku gihe, ishyigikiwe neza, kandi ikora neza nk’uko byavuzwe.
Icyitonderwa: Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku makuru y’imikorere asangiwe n’uruganda rutunganya ibiryo by’abakiriya bemerewe gutangaza. Ibisubizo bya buri wese bishingiye ku buryo yakozwemo, imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo, imikorere, n’imiterere y’aho byakorewe. Hongyang Feed Machinery ntiyemeza imikorere imwe mu bikorwa byose. Imibare yose y’inganda yavuzwe ituruka ku makuru aboneka ku mugaragaro (Eurostat, INS Rumaniya, InfoFerma, FAO Food Outlook 2024) kandi igaragaza imiterere y’isoko aho iyi gahunda yabereye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-13-2026
